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Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology MCQ — 115 Practice Questions with Answers

Practice 115 Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology multiple-choice questions with detailed answers and explanations. Ideal for RAS/RPSC exam preparation.

115 Questions Science & Technology

Practice Questions

Q1. Gene therapy differs from gene editing in that gene therapy:

A Always uses CRISPR
B Adds a functional gene without necessarily altering the defective one Correct
C Is cheaper than gene editing
D Only works on plants

Explanation

Gene therapy introduces a functional copy of a gene to compensate for a defective one, without necessarily correcting the original mutation. Gene editing (CRISPR/Cas9) precisely modifies the DNA sequence itself. Both aim to treat genetic disorders but use different mechanisms.

Q2. How many biotech startups does India have as per IBER 2026, and how many were added in 2025?

A 8,500 total; 1,200 new
B 15,000 total; 2,500 new
C 11,855 total; 1,780 new Correct
D 20,000 total; 3,000 new

Explanation

India has 11,855 registered biotech startups with 1,780 new ones added in 2025, as per IBER 2026.

Q3. Bt toxin, used in genetically modified crops, is produced by the bacterium:

A Agrobacterium tumefaciens
B Bacillus thuringiensis Correct
C Pseudomonas fluorescens
D Escherichia coli

Explanation

Bt toxin (Cry protein) is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil bacterium. The cry gene encoding this toxin has been inserted into crops like cotton (Bt cotton) to provide insect resistance. The toxin is specific to certain insect larvae and is considered safe for humans.

Q4. Carbon nanotubes are significant in nanotechnology because they are:

A Cheap and abundant
B Extremely strong, lightweight, and excellent electrical conductors Correct
C Radioactive and useful in medicine
D Biodegradable and edible

Explanation

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical molecules of rolled graphene sheets. They are 100 times stronger than steel at 1/6th the weight, conduct electricity better than copper, and have thermal conductivity exceeding diamond. Applications: composites, electronics, energy storage.

Q5. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety deals with:

A Deep sea mining
B Chemical weapons regulation
C Safe transfer, handling, and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) Correct
D Nuclear safety

Explanation

The Cartagena Protocol (adopted 2000, effective 2003) under the Convention on Biological Diversity addresses safe transfer and handling of LMOs, especially those crossing international borders.

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Q6. Biosimilars differ from generic drugs in that:

A They are produced only from plant sources
B They are chemically identical copies of small-molecule drugs
C They have no regulatory approval process
D They are similar but not identical copies of complex biological medicines
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Q7. The newly discovered blind groundwater fish species 'Gitchak nakana' was found in which state?

A Meghalaya
B Assam
C Manipur
D Arunachal Pradesh
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Q8. India's first indigenous mRNA vaccine platform was developed by:

A Zydus Cadila
B Gennova Biopharmaceuticals
C Bharat Biotech
D Serum Institute
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Q9. DNA fingerprinting technology was developed by:

A Francis Crick
B Alec Jeffreys
C Rosalind Franklin
D James Watson
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Q10. Golden Rice is genetically modified to produce:

A Drought resistance
B Higher protein content
C Pest resistance
D Beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A)
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Q11. Nafithromycin, India's first indigenously discovered antibiotic, is the first new molecule in the Macrolide class to be introduced globally in how many years?

A Over 10 years
B Over 20 years
C Over 30 years
D Over 50 years
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Q12. Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, was created in which year?

A 1996
B 1990
C 2003
D 2000
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Q13. Which Indian institution developed Covaxin, India's first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine?

A Bharat Biotech in collaboration with ICMR-NIV
B Serum Institute of India
C Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
D Zydus Cadila
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Q14. BIRSA 101, the CRISPR gene therapy for Sickle Cell Disease, was developed by which institution?

A CSIR-CCMB, Hyderabad
B CSIR-IGIB (Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology)
C ICMR-NIV, Pune
D DBT-NBRC, Manesar
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Q15. Gene bank conservation stores:

A Only animal genes
B Only bacteria
C Seeds, tissue cultures, and DNA samples of plants and animals
D Only chemical compounds

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology MCQ questions are available?
There are 115 Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology practice MCQs available on Aspirant Academy, with detailed answers and explanations for each question.
Are answers and explanations provided for Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology MCQs?
Yes, every Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology question comes with the correct answer and a detailed explanation to help you understand the underlying concept.
How is Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology relevant to the RAS/RPSC exam?
Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology falls under the Science & Technology section of the RAS/RPSC syllabus. It is a frequently tested area and regular practice with these MCQs will strengthen your preparation.
Can I practice Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology questions in Hindi?
Yes, Aspirant Academy offers bilingual support. You can practice Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology MCQs in both English and Hindi, including questions, options, and explanations.

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