Agriculture, Horticulture & Animal Husbandry MCQ — 49 Practice Questions with Answers

Practice 49 Agriculture, Horticulture & Animal Husbandry multiple-choice questions with detailed answers and explanations. Ideal for RAS/RPSC exam preparation.

49 Questions Science & Technology

Q1. Biochar is used in agriculture for carbon sequestration. It is produced by:

A Combustion at high temperatures with excess oxygen

B Chemical treatment with acids

C Fermenting crop residues

D Pyrolysis (heating biomass in absence/low oxygen) Correct

Explanation

Biochar is produced by pyrolysis — heating biomass (crop residues, wood) at 300-700°C with limited oxygen. It locks carbon in stable form for centuries. When added to soil, it improves water retention, nutrient availability, and soil microbial activity while sequestering carbon.

Q2. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing differs from conventional GMO technology primarily because:

A It requires bacterial vectors to transfer foreign DNA into plant cells

B It can make precise edits to an organism's own genome without inserting foreign DNA Correct

C It permanently alters the plant's chloroplast DNA rather than nuclear DNA

D It introduces genes from unrelated species to confer pest resistance

Explanation

CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing tool that precisely modifies an organism's own existing genome (knockouts, insertions of small sequences) without necessarily introducing foreign species DNA. This distinguishes it from traditional GMOs where genes from another organism are inserted. In India, CRISPR-edited crops that do not contain foreign DNA are being considered for a lighter regulatory pathway through the DBT/MoEFCC exemption pathway, unlike transgenics which require full GMO approval.

Q3. How many new crop varieties were released by Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan on January 4, 2026?

A 84

B 234

C 134

D 184 Correct

Explanation

184 newly developed crop varieties across 25 crops were released at the ICAR Leadership Programme in New Delhi.

Q4. Consider the following statements about cold chain technology and food processing in India: 1. Cold chain refers to an uninterrupted, temperature-controlled supply chain from farm gate to consumer, with commodity-specific temperatures across production, storage, transport and retail. 2. The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) provides financial assistance for integrated cold chain projects. 3. MAP (Modified Atmosphere Packaging) technology is used to extend shelf life by altering the composition of gases around the food product. 4. India has a surplus of cold storage capacity and does not face any post-harvest losses. Which of the above statements are correct?

A 1, 2 and 3 only Correct

B 2 and 4 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1, 2, 3 and 4

Explanation

Cold chain maintains uninterrupted temperature-controlled logistics from farm gate to consumer (1 correct — MoFPI describes integrated, multi-product and multi-temperature infrastructure, so the temperature depends on the commodity rather than a single fixed range). PMKSY has an 'Integrated Cold Chain and Value Addition Infrastructure' component (2 correct). MAP technology alters the gas composition inside packaging to improve shelf life (3 correct). Statement 4 is false — official MoFPI/PIB data report post-harvest losses of roughly 6.70-15.88% in fruits and 4.58-12.44% in vegetables, alongside a significant cold storage deficit.

Q5. Which of the following statements about drip irrigation technology is/are correct? 1. It delivers water directly to the root zone, reducing evaporation losses. 2. It is also known as trickle irrigation or micro-irrigation. 3. It is suitable only for row crops like sugarcane and not for orchards. Select the correct answer:

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only Correct

C 1, 2 and 3

D 2 and 3 only

Explanation

Drip irrigation (also called trickle or micro-irrigation) delivers water slowly and directly to the root zone, minimising evaporation and run-off. It is equally effective for orchard crops (grapes, pomegranate, citrus) as for row crops. Hence statements 1 and 2 are correct; statement 3 is incorrect.

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Q6. Vertical farming technology involves:

A Using vertical irrigation

B Growing crops in stacked layers indoors with controlled environment

C Growing crops on hills

D Growing tall crops like sugarcane

Q7. Match the following crop improvement techniques with their descriptions: List-I (Technique) P. Hybridisation Q. Mutation breeding R. Polyploidy induction S. Somatic hybridisation List-II (Description) 1. Fusion of protoplasts from two different species to create a new hybrid 2. Crossing of two genetically dissimilar parents to produce offspring with desired traits 3. Use of colchicine to double the chromosome number 4. Use of radiation or chemicals to create new heritable variations Choose the correct match:

A P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1

B P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1

C P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2

D P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3

Q8. What does Bharat-VISTAAR stand for?

A Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources

B Vision for Integrated Smart Technology in Agriculture and Rural

C Virtual Information System for Total Agriculture and Resources

D Village Information System for Technical Agricultural Reform

Q9. Which of the following correctly describes the 'Anand Pattern' in the context of India's dairy sector?

A A government-owned milk procurement scheme under the Ministry of Animal Husbandry

B A three-tier cooperative structure of village primary cooperatives, district unions, and state federations, pioneered by Dr. Verghese Kurien through Amul

C A Central Government scheme for providing subsidised milk to Below Poverty Line (BPL) households

D A private franchise model for setting up dairy processing plants across rural India

Q10. Consider the following statements about Integrated Pest Management (IPM): 1. IPM aims to eliminate all pests using maximum chemical pesticides. 2. It uses a combination of biological, cultural, mechanical and chemical methods. 3. Pheromone traps are a component of IPM. 4. The Economic Threshold Level (ETL) is a key concept in IPM decision-making. Which of the above statements are correct?

A 1, 2 and 3 only

B 2, 3 and 4 only

C 1 and 4 only

D 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q11. Which earthworm species is most commonly used in vermicomposting to produce nutrient-rich organic compost?

A Lumbricus terrestris

B Eisenia fetida

C Pheretima posthuma

D Aporrectodea caliginosa

Q12. Which of the following statements about micro-irrigation is/are correct? 1. Drip irrigation delivers water near the root zone and reduces evaporation losses significantly. 2. Sprinkler irrigation is more water-efficient than drip irrigation for all crops. 3. Fertigation (applying fertilizers through irrigation water) is possible only with drip systems, not sprinkler systems. Select the correct answer:

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 2 and 3 only

D 1, 2 and 3

Q13. With reference to A1 and A2 milk, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. A1 and A2 refer to different variants of beta-casein protein in cow's milk. 2. Indian indigenous breeds (Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi) predominantly produce A2 milk. 3. BCM-7 (beta-casomorphin-7), an opioid peptide, is released during digestion of A1 milk and NOT from A2 milk. 4. A2 milk is produced exclusively by Indian indigenous (Bos indicus) breeds and never by any exotic (Bos taurus) breed.

A 1 and 2 only

B 1, 2 and 3

C 2, 3 and 4

D 1, 2, 3 and 4

Q14. Which of the following crops were primarily affected by the unseasonal hailstorms in Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana in early April 2026?

A Paddy and sugarcane

B Cotton and groundnut

C Wheat, mustard, gram and barley (rabi crops)

D Tea and coffee

Q15. With reference to the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and food processing, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. FSSAI was established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. 2. Mega Food Parks were set up under the Ministry of Food Processing Industries to provide modern food-processing infrastructure near farm clusters; the scheme has been discontinued with effect from April 2021. 3. Under the FSSAI standard, Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) treatment heats milk to at least 135 degrees C for one second or more in continuous flow, followed by aseptic packing for preservation at room temperature. 4. The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for food processing offers incentives on incremental sales from products manufactured in India.

A 1 and 3 only

B 1, 2 and 4 only

C 1, 2, 3 and 4

D 2 and 3 only

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Agriculture, Horticulture & Animal Husbandry falls under the Science & Technology section of the RAS/RPSC syllabus. It is a frequently tested area and regular practice with these MCQs will strengthen your preparation.

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Agriculture, Horticulture & Animal Husbandry MCQ — 49 Practice Questions with Answers

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