Genetics, Biotechnology & Nanotechnology MCQ — 186 Practice Questions with Answers

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because mRNA technology delivers synthetic mRNA into cells. Statement 2 is correct because cells use it to produce target proteins such as the spike protein in COVID vaccines. Statement 3 is incorrect because the mRNA degrades naturally within days; it does not remain permanently in cells.

Explanation

BioIndustrial leads India's bioeconomy at $90.2 billion, followed by BioPharma ($64.5 billion), BioServices ($26 billion), and BioAgri ($14.6 billion).

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because PCR uses repeated denaturation, annealing and extension cycles with DNA polymerase to amplify chosen DNA sequences. Statement 2 is incorrect because totipotent cells can differentiate into any cell type including placental tissue; pluripotent cells are the ones that exclude placental tissue. Statement 3 is correct because CAR is engineered to let T-cells recognize tumour-associated antigens such as CD19. Statement 4 is incorrect because biofortification can use conventional breeding, agronomic practices or genetic modification, not genetic modification alone.

Explanation

Nafithromycin was developed by Wockhardt in collaboration with BIRAC (Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council) for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). It is 10 times more effective than azithromycin and requires only a 3-day treatment regimen, addressing antibiotic resistance concerns.

Explanation

India's biotech startups increased from 50 in 2014 to over 11,000 by 2026.