MCQ
Plant Evolution MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 100 Plant Evolution questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Consider the following statements about seed-plant evolution: 1. Seeds and pollen distinguish seed plants from seedless vascular plants. 2. Fossils place the earliest distinct seed plants at about 350 million years ago. 3. The first reliable record of gymnosperms is placed at about 119 million years ago. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. OpenStax identifies seeds and pollen as distinguishing seed plants, and places the earliest distinct seed plants at about 350 million years ago. Statement 3 is incorrect because the first reliable gymnosperm record is about 319 million years ago, not 119 million years ago.
Q2With reference to gymnosperms and conifers, consider the following statements: 1. Ginkgoales had only one surviving species, Ginkgo biloba, according to OpenStax. 2. Gymnosperms expanded in the Mesozoic era, about 240 million years ago. 3. In conifers, seeds are enclosed by a mature ovary that ripens into a fruit. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: OpenStax identifies Ginkgo biloba as the sole surviving Ginkgoales species and says gymnosperms expanded in the Mesozoic, about 240 million years ago. Statement 3 is incorrect because conifers have exposed seeds on ovuliferous scales; fruit-enclosed seeds are an angiosperm feature.
Q3With reference to vascular plants, consider the following statements: 1. Vascular plants possess xylem and phloem. 2. Ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants are all vascular plants. 3. The larger, more conspicuous generation among vascular plants is usually the gametophyte phase. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: vascular plants are characterized by xylem and phloem, and Britannica includes ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants among them. Statement 3 is incorrect because the conspicuous generation in vascular plants is the sporophytic phase.
Q4With reference to early land-plant evolution, consider the following statements: 1. Land plants share the feature of housing the plant embryo in maternal tissue. 2. The development of seeds arose from retention of the embryo inside maternal tissue. 3. Tracheophyte tissues never differentiated into leaves, stems and roots. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: land plants house the embryo in maternal tissue, and seed evolution is linked to retention of the embryo there. Statement 3 is incorrect because tracheophyte tissues did differentiate into leaves, stems and roots.
Q5With reference to the colonization of land by plants, consider the following statements: 1. Aerial plant structures on land face the risk of drying out. 2. On land, plants had to develop structural support because air does not provide the buoyancy given by water. 3. Carbon dioxide is less readily available in air than in water. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. On land, aerial plant parts can dry out, and plants need support because air lacks the buoyancy provided by water. Statement 3 is incorrect because carbon dioxide is more readily available in air than in water.
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6With reference to seed plants, consider the following statements: 1. Seeds and pollen distinguish seed plants from seedless vascular plants. 2. Pollen grains are female gametophytes containing the egg cells of plants. 3. Seeds helped the embryo avoid a constant supply of water through a protective coat and dormancy. Which of the statements given above are correct?
7With reference to vascular tissue in plant evolution, consider the following statements: 1. Vascular plants possess xylem for support and water conduction and phloem for food conduction. 2. All vascular plants are non-seed plants. 3. Ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants are all vascular plants. 4. Vascular tissues are associated with true stems, leaves and roots. Which of the statements given above are correct?
8With reference to the corpus fact bank on the BSIP Jamun study, consider the following statements: 1. The study overturned the earlier view of an Australian or Southeast Asian origin for Syzygium. 2. The study established that Syzygium first evolved in the Indian region within East Gondwana. 3. Older Indian fossil records suggest continuous presence of Syzygium in the Indian region since the Early Eocene, around 55 million years ago. 4. According to the corpus, Syzygium first evolved in Australia and dispersed westwards into India. Which of the statements given above are correct?
9Consider the following statements about leaves in plant evolution: 1. True leaves improved photosynthetic efficiency in seedless vascular plants. 2. Microphylls have a simple vascular system. 3. Megaphylls are smaller than microphylls and lack veins. Which of the statements given above are correct?
10With reference to gymnosperms, consider the following statements: 1. Gymnosperm seeds are enclosed in an ovary. 2. Gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, ginkgo and gnetophytes. 3. Gymnosperms were the dominant phylum in the Mesozoic era. 4. Modern gymnosperms lack cones and reproduce only through flowers. Which of the statements given above are correct?
11With reference to xylem and plant height, consider the following statements: 1. Xylem conducting cells incorporate lignin into their walls. 2. Lignin is impermeable to water and gives mechanical strength to vascular tissue. 3. Tall plants had no selective advantage in spore or seed dispersal. Which of the statements given above are correct?
12Consider the following statements about the BSIP Jamun study on Syzygium: 1. The study supports an Australian origin of Syzygium followed by westward dispersal into India. 2. Reinvestigation of older Indian fossil records indicates continuous presence of Syzygium in the Indian region since the Early Eocene, around 55 million years ago. 3. The study places the earliest evolution of Syzygium in the Indian region within East Gondwana. 4. The proposed dispersal path is from India to Southeast Asia and then to Australia. Which of the statements given above are correct?
13With reference to seedless vascular plants, consider the following statements: 1. Lower vascular plants reproduce by spores released from sporangia. 2. All lower vascular plants produce motile male gametes and need water for fertilization. 3. Lower vascular plants include angiosperms and gymnosperms. Which of the statements given above are correct?
14With reference to the earliest land-plant divisions, consider the following statements: 1. Land plants are broadly divided into bryophytes and tracheophytes. 2. Bryophytes include mosses, liverworts, hornworts and ferns. 3. A shared land-plant adaptation is housing the plant embryo in maternal tissue. 4. The development of large tracheophyte bodies was made possible chiefly by a dominant gametophyte stage. Which of the statements given above are correct?
15With reference to bryophytes, consider the following statements: 1. Bryophytes are traditionally described as nonvascular seedless plants. 2. Mosses, hornworts and liverworts are included among bryophytes. 3. The long-lived and conspicuous generation in bryophytes is the sporophyte. Which of the statements given above are correct?