MCQ
upsc-p1-geography-india-soils-vegetation MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 10 upsc-p1-geography-india-soils-vegetation questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. List I (Soil) A. Laterite soil B. Sodic soil C. Peaty soil D. Black soil List II (Diagnostic process or management clue) 1. Gypsum may be used in reclamation 2. Heavy leaching in humid tropical conditions 3. Waterlogged and rich in organic matter 4. Swelling and shrinking clay
Laterite is linked with heavy leaching in humid tropical conditions. Gypsum can help reclaim sodium-dominated soils. Peaty soil is organic-rich and waterlogged, while black soil has clay that swells when wet and shrinks on drying. Thus the matching is A-2, B-1, C-3 and D-4.
Q2Consider the following statements about major Indian soils: 1. Black soil has high clay content, retains moisture and develops deep cracks in the dry season. 2. The red colour is associated with hydrated iron oxides, while the yellow colour comes mainly from iron compounds in crystalline rocks. 3. Laterite is a leached residual soil that can support plantation crops when rainfall and management are suitable. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Black soil combines clay-rich texture, strong moisture retention and dry-season cracking. Laterite can support tea, coffee, rubber, cashew and other plantation crops under suitable rainfall and management. Statement 2 reverses the colour controls: iron compounds produce the red colour, whereas hydrated iron oxides are associated with yellow.
Q3Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. List I (Species) A. Teak B. Sal C. Sundari D. Deodar List II (Vegetation association) 1. Sundarbans mangroves 2. Himalayan coniferous belt 3. Peninsular moist or dry deciduous belts 4. Moist deciduous belts of the Himalayan foothills and eastern-central India
Teak is an indicator of peninsular moist or dry deciduous belts; sal is associated with moist deciduous belts of the Himalayan foothills and eastern-central India; sundari is linked with the Sundarbans mangroves; and deodar indicates the Himalayan coniferous belt. The correct matching is A-3, B-4, C-1 and D-2.
Q4Arrange the following Himalayan vegetation formations in their general order from lower to higher altitude: 1. Alpine meadows 2. Tropical foothill forests 3. Coniferous forests 4. Temperate broadleaf forests Select the correct answer using the code given below.
With increasing altitude in the Himalaya, vegetation generally changes from tropical foothill forests to temperate broadleaf forests, then to coniferous forests and finally to alpine meadows. Hence the correct lower-to-higher sequence is 2-4-3-1.
Q5With reference to soil-forming processes, consider the following statements: 1. Laterisation under high temperature and heavy rainfall removes silica and bases and leaves iron-aluminium-rich material. 2. Calcification is associated with dry areas where calcium carbonate accumulates. 3. Podzolisation is associated with cool, humid and coniferous conditions in higher mountains. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
All three statements correctly connect a pedogenic process with its operating environment and result. Laterisation entails intense leaching in hot, wet conditions; calcification accumulates calcium carbonate in dry areas; and podzolisation develops under cool, humid coniferous conditions in higher mountains.
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6Consider the following statements about interpreting changes in tree cover: 1. Tree cover may include plantations and trees outside recorded forest areas. 2. Therefore, every increase in tree cover necessarily proves recovery of native forest diversity and wildlife habitat. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
7With reference to forests in India, consider the following statements: 1. A forest type is an ecological class based on factors such as climate, altitude, species and moisture. 2. A canopy-density class is a legal category created by the Indian Forest Act. 3. Recorded Forest Area is land recorded as forest in government records, irrespective of whether its present canopy is dense. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
8Consider the following statements regarding the constitutional and local-government setting of soil and forest governance: 1. The Eleventh Schedule includes land improvement, soil conservation, social forestry, farm forestry and minor forest produce. 2. The Twelfth Schedule includes urban forestry and environmental protection. 3. Forest management is exclusively a State subject, leaving Parliament with no legislative role. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
9Consider the following statements about mangroves: 1. Their distribution is controlled more by tidal, saline and muddy coastal conditions than by rainfall alone. 2. They help trap sediments, support fisheries and buffer cyclone impacts. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
10Arrange the following broad land-cover settings in the order in which they are encountered while moving generally from western Rajasthan towards the Brahmaputra valley: 1. High-rainfall evergreen formations 2. Arid soil with thorn vegetation 3. Alluvial plains 4. Moist deciduous belts Select the correct answer using the code given below.