MCQ
upsc-p1-environment-sustainable-development MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 9 upsc-p1-environment-sustainable-development questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1With reference to the links among climate policy, forests and sustainable development, consider the following statements: 1. Mitigation reduces greenhouse gas emissions or increases carbon sinks. 2. Adaptation reduces vulnerability to climate impacts. 3. A single-purpose plantation automatically substitutes for a natural forest with complex ecological functions. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1 and 2 correctly distinguish mitigation from adaptation. Statement 3 is incorrect because natural forests combine carbon storage, biodiversity habitat, watershed regulation and livelihood functions that a single-purpose plantation does not automatically reproduce.
Q2Arrange the following milestones in chronological order, from the earliest to the latest: A. Adoption of the United Nations 2030 Agenda B. Stockholm Conference C. Rio Earth Summit D. Publication of Our Common Future by the World Commission on Environment and Development Select the correct answer using the code given below.
The Stockholm Conference took place in 1972, Our Common Future was published in 1987, the Rio Earth Summit followed in 1992, and the United Nations 2030 Agenda was adopted in 2015. Therefore, the correct order is B-D-C-A.
Q3A project appraisal follows the mitigation hierarchy. Arrange the following responses in the order in which they should ordinarily be considered: A. Restore the affected ecological system B. Avoid the environmental damage C. Offset or compensate the residual damage D. Minimise the damage that cannot be avoided Select the correct answer using the code given below.
The mitigation hierarchy first seeks to avoid damage, then minimise unavoidable damage, restore the affected system, and only then offset or compensate residual harm. The correct order is B-D-A-C.
Q4With reference to the constitutional distribution of environmental functions in India, consider the following statements: 1. Panchayats may be entrusted with water management, watershed development and social forestry under Article 243G read with the Eleventh Schedule. 2. Municipalities may handle solid waste management, urban forestry and environmental protection under Article 243W read with the Twelfth Schedule. 3. Forests and protection of wild animals and birds are exclusively State List subjects. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1 and 2 correctly describe the local-body framework. Statement 3 is incorrect because forests and protection of wild animals and birds are in the Concurrent List, not exclusively in the State List.
Q5With reference to the Rio Declaration, 1992, consider the following statements: 1. Principle 3 links development with the needs of present and future generations. 2. Principle 4 treats environmental protection as an integral part of the development process. 3. Principle 16 is the source of the precautionary principle. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Principle 3 links development to present and future generations, while Principle 4 integrates environmental protection with development. Statement 3 is incorrect: Principle 15 states precaution, whereas Principle 16 supports internalising environmental costs through the polluter pays idea.
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6Consider the following statements about environmental economics: 1. Green GDP has replaced conventional GDP as India's main official output measure. 2. A high discount rate makes future environmental damage appear smaller in present-value terms. 3. Monetary valuation turns every forest, river and species into a freely tradable commodity. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
7Consider the following statements regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 1. They are globally adopted political goals rather than directly enforceable treaty obligations. 2. They apply only to developing countries because their principal focus is donor-funded poverty reduction. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
8Match List I with List II: List I (Instrument) A. User charge B. Payment for ecosystem services C. Extended Producer Responsibility D. Green credit List II (Primary feature) 1. Rewards conservation outside protected areas 2. Makes resource users pay for a service or pollution load 3. Shifts end-of-life costs toward the producer 4. Tradable credit for verified environment-positive action under a notified programme Select the correct answer using the code given below.
9Match List I with List II: List I (Case) A. Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P. B. Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar C. M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath D. A.P. Pollution Control Board v. M.V. Nayudu List II (Environmental proposition) 1. Public trust doctrine 2. Pollution-free water and air under Article 21 3. Scientific uncertainty, expert input and precaution 4. Ecological safety preferred over continued limestone mining in fragile areas Select the correct answer using the code given below.