MCQ
upsc-p1-economy-sustainable-development-sdg MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 10 upsc-p1-economy-sustainable-development-sdg questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Arrange the following Indian environmental laws in chronological order, beginning with the earliest: A. Biological Diversity Act B. Forest Conservation Act C. National Green Tribunal Act D. Environment Protection Act Select the correct answer using the code given below.
The Forest Conservation Act dates to 1980, the Environment Protection Act to 1986, the Biological Diversity Act to 2002 and the National Green Tribunal Act to 2010. Thus B-D-A-C, shown in option C, is the correct order.
Q2With reference to sustainable development as an economic framework, consider the following statements: 1. Economic viability, social inclusion and environmental protection are its three mutually connected pillars. 2. A rise in output or income by itself establishes a broader improvement in health, education, dignity and ecological security. 3. Inter-generational equity requires present choices not to unfairly reduce the options of future generations. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Sustainable development integrates economic, social and environmental concerns and protects future generations' options. Statement 2 confuses growth with development: higher output or income alone does not establish broader welfare or ecological security.
Q3With reference to India's Sustainable Development Goal monitoring system, consider the following statements: 1. NITI Aayog coordinates SDG adoption and monitoring in India. 2. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation maintains the National Indicator Framework. 3. A national composite score proves that every State, district and social group has achieved the same outcome. 4. The SDG India Index is best used as a governance and diagnostic tool. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct. NITI Aayog coordinates monitoring, MoSPI maintains the statistical framework, and the Index supports diagnosis and governance. Statement 3 is incorrect because a composite average can conceal regional and social disparities.
Q4Consider the following statements about outcome measurement: 1. A toilet built, a tap connection provided or an LPG connection issued is an output. 2. Sustained use, health gains and reduced drudgery are outcomes. Which one of the following is correct?
Both statements are correct. Physical assets or connections delivered are outputs, while continued use and changes in health or drudgery are outcomes. The distinction prevents administrative delivery counts from being treated automatically as welfare improvement.
Q5With reference to the global Sustainable Development Goal framework, consider the following statements: 1. The 2030 Agenda contains 17 Goals and 169 targets. 2. The Goals apply only to developing countries. 3. The High-level Political Forum is the central United Nations platform for follow-up and review. 4. Voluntary National Reviews are court-enforced judgments against countries. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The 2030 Agenda is universal and contains 17 Goals and 169 targets, while the High-level Political Forum leads global follow-up and review. Statements 2 and 4 are incorrect: the Goals apply to all countries, and Voluntary National Reviews are political accountability instruments rather than court judgments.
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6Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. List I A. Article 21 B. Article 47 C. Article 48A D. Article 51A(g) List II 1. State direction concerning environmental protection, forests and wildlife 2. Judicial route connecting life and dignity with environmental quality 3. Fundamental Duty concerning the natural environment 4. State responsibility concerning nutrition, living standards and public health
7Consider the following statements about project approvals in India: 1. Consent to establish and consent to operate under water and air pollution laws are separate from environmental clearance. 2. Post-clearance compliance monitoring is irrelevant once construction begins. Which one of the following is correct?
8Arrange the following in chronological order, beginning with the earliest: A. Rio Earth Summit produced Agenda 21 and the Rio principles B. The Brundtland Report framed sustainable development around present needs and future generations C. Stockholm Conference placed environment on the global policy agenda D. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment inserted Article 48A and Article 51A(g) Select the correct answer using the code given below.
9With reference to environmental principles in India, consider the following statements: 1. The precautionary principle supports preventive action even when complete scientific certainty is unavailable and serious environmental harm is plausible. 2. The polluter pays principle is confined to imposing a fine after pollution has occurred. 3. Section 20 of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 requires the Tribunal to apply sustainable development, the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
10Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. List I A. M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, 1986 B. Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar, 1991 C. Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India, 1996 D. Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India, 2000 List II 1. Pollution-free water and air within the right to life 2. Absolute liability for hazardous industries 3. Project allowed with conditions and monitoring 4. Precautionary and polluter pays principles