MCQ
upsc-p1-geography-climatology-atmosphere MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 9 upsc-p1-geography-climatology-atmosphere questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Arrange the following stages in the logical climatic chain from the initial energy input to atmospheric transport: 1. Pressure contrast 2. Insolation 3. Winds redistribute heat and moisture 4. Unequal heating and temperature contrast Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Insolation creates unequal heating and a temperature contrast; the thermal contrast creates a pressure contrast; and the pressure contrast starts winds that redistribute heat and moisture. The sequence is therefore 2-4-1-3.
Q2With reference to insolation and the heat budget, consider the following statements: 1. Insolation is shortwave incoming solar radiation, whereas the Earth returns energy mainly as longwave terrestrial radiation. 2. Water heats and cools more slowly than land because of mixing, higher specific heat and evaporation. 3. Thick cloud necessarily lowers both the daytime maximum and the night-time minimum temperature. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Cloud can reduce daytime heating by reflecting incoming radiation, but at night it can reduce cooling by absorbing outgoing terrestrial radiation; it does not necessarily lower the night-time minimum.
Q3Consider the following statements regarding jet streams: 1. Jet streams are narrow bands of very strong wind in the upper troposphere, generally near the tropopause. 2. Jet streams are surface local winds produced only by daily land-sea thermal contrast. Which one of the statements given above is/are correct?
Only statement 1 is correct. Jet streams are upper-tropospheric winds associated with strong temperature gradients and upper-air dynamics; sea breeze is an example of a local surface wind driven by daily land-sea heating contrast.
Q4With reference to forces controlling wind, consider the following statements: 1. Coriolis force is zero at the equator and increases toward the poles. 2. Surface friction slows wind and reduces Coriolis deflection, allowing air to cross isobars toward low pressure. 3. Under geostrophic balance, wind flows nearly parallel to isobars. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
All three statements are correct. Coriolis varies with latitude, friction modifies near-surface speed and direction, and a balance between pressure-gradient and Coriolis forces produces flow nearly parallel to isobars above the friction layer.
Q5Match List I with List II: List I A. Sea breeze B. Land breeze C. Valley breeze D. Mountain breeze List II 1. Night-time downslope flow of dense air 2. Daytime flow from sea to land 3. Daytime upslope flow along heated mountain slopes 4. Night-time flow from land to sea Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Sea breeze is the daytime sea-to-land flow; land breeze is the night-time land-to-sea flow; valley breeze moves upslope by day; and mountain breeze drains dense air downslope at night. Thus the matching is A-2, B-4, C-3 and D-1.
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6Consider the following statements about the ideal pressure-belt model: 1. The equatorial low is mainly thermal and convective. 2. The subtropical highs are largely dynamic because air descends from the upper circulation. 3. The polar highs are thermal because cold dense air subsides. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
7Consider the following statements regarding temperature inversion: 1. A temperature inversion occurs when temperature increases with height over a layer. 2. On calm, clear winter nights, cold dense air may drain into valley bottoms and favour persistent fog and frost pockets. Which one of the statements given above is/are correct?
8Arrange the following pressure belts in their ideal sequence from the equator toward a pole: 1. Polar high 2. Subpolar low 3. Equatorial low 4. Subtropical high Select the correct answer using the code given below.
9With reference to the vertical structure of the atmosphere, consider the following statements: 1. Most weather occurs in the troposphere because it contains most water vapour and is strongly heated from below. 2. Temperature rises upward in the stratosphere because ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation. 3. The mesosphere warms upward because sparse gases absorb high-energy solar radiation. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.