MCQ
upsc-p1-science-tech-health-diseases MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 10 upsc-p1-science-tech-health-diseases questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Consider the following statements about diagnostic tests: Statement I: A highly sensitive test misses few true cases. Statement II: In a low-prevalence setting, even a good test may yield many false positives relative to true positives. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Both statements are correct. Sensitivity concerns how few true cases a test misses. The number of true positives also depends on prevalence, so in a low-prevalence population false positives may be numerous relative to true positives even when the test performs well.
Q2Consider the following pairs: Vaccine platform — Feature 1. Live attenuated — Contains a weakened organism 2. Inactivated — Can replicate and therefore rarely needs a booster 3. Toxoid — Contains an inactivated toxin 4. mRNA — Supplies genetic instructions translated in the cytoplasm How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Pairs 1, 3 and 4 are correctly matched. Pair 2 is incorrect because an inactivated vaccine contains a killed pathogen or inactive component, cannot replicate, and may require boosters. Thus, option C gives the correct count.
Q3With reference to human immunity, consider the following statements: 1. Innate immunity can act quickly without previous exposure to the exact pathogen. 2. Memory B-cells and memory T-cells enable a faster and stronger response on later exposure. 3. Humoral immunity is mainly important against intracellular pathogens and abnormal cells. How many of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Innate defences act rapidly and non-specifically, while adaptive immune memory improves the response on later exposure. Statement 3 is incorrect: humoral immunity is mainly antibody-mediated and works well against extracellular pathogens and toxins; cell-mediated immunity is important against intracellular pathogens and abnormal cells.
Q4With reference to vaccine platforms, consider the following statements: 1. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened organisms capable of limited replication. 2. Inactivated vaccines cannot replicate, and booster doses may be needed. 3. mRNA vaccines usually require entry into the nucleus for transcription. 4. DNA vaccines usually need to reach the nucleus for transcription. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct. Live attenuated organisms can replicate enough to stimulate a strong response, whereas inactivated vaccines cannot replicate and may need boosters. Statement 3 reverses the genetic-platform distinction: mRNA is translated in the cytoplasm and does not enter the nucleus, while DNA usually must reach the nucleus for transcription.
Q5Consider the following pairs: Public-health problem — Central control measure 1. Cholera — Safe water 2. Measles — High vaccination coverage 3. Dengue — Removal of vector breeding sites 4. Antimicrobial resistance — Antimicrobial stewardship How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
All four pairs are correctly matched. Safe water interrupts faeco-oral transmission central to cholera control; high vaccine coverage is central for measles; removing breeding sites controls the dengue vector; and antimicrobial stewardship reduces selection pressure that drives antimicrobial resistance. Hence, option D is correct.
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6Consider the following statements regarding public-health governance in India: 1. Public health and sanitation are mainly placed in Entry 6 of the State List. 2. Prevention of the inter-State spread of infectious disease is placed in Entry 29 of the Concurrent List. 3. The International Health Regulations are primarily a treaty for procuring and distributing vaccines. Which of the statements given above are correct?
7Consider the following statements: Statement I: Antimicrobial resistance is wider in scope than antibiotic resistance. Statement II: Antimicrobials include medicines against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, whereas antibiotics act against bacteria. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
8Arrange the following levels of prevention from the earliest intervention against the emergence of risk factors to the intervention that reduces complications after disease has occurred: 1. Primary prevention 2. Tertiary prevention 3. Primordial prevention 4. Secondary prevention Select the correct answer using the code given below.
9Arrange the following stages of communicable-disease control in their logical order, beginning with action on the source and ending with health-system readiness: 1. Host protection 2. System readiness 3. Source control 4. Transmission interruption Select the correct answer using the code given below.
10With reference to communicable diseases, consider the following statements: 1. Humans are the main reservoir for measles and polio. 2. The incubation period is the interval from exposure to the appearance of symptoms. 3. An infected person can never transmit a respiratory disease before symptoms appear. Which of the statements given above are correct?