MCQ
upsc-p1-science-tech-human-physiology MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 9 upsc-p1-science-tech-human-physiology questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1With reference to transport across cell membranes, consider the following statements: 1. Diffusion moves substances down a concentration gradient. 2. Osmosis moves water across a semipermeable membrane. 3. Active transport uses energy to move substances against a concentration gradient. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
All three statements are correct. Diffusion follows a concentration gradient, osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, and active transport spends energy to move substances against a gradient. These mechanisms help explain gas exchange, nutrient absorption and renal salt handling.
Q2Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. List I (Nutrient deficiency) A. Vitamin C B. Thiamine C. Niacin D. Vitamin D List II (Associated disorder or effect) 1. Beriberi 2. Scurvy 3. Impaired bone health 4. Pellagra
Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, thiamine deficiency causes beriberi, niacin deficiency causes pellagra, and vitamin D deficiency affects bones. Thus, the correct matching is A-2, B-1, C-4 and D-3.
Q3Arrange the following structures in the order in which food normally passes through the human alimentary canal: 1. Large intestine 2. Oesophagus 3. Small intestine 4. Stomach Select the correct answer using the code given below.
After swallowing, food passes through the oesophagus to the stomach, then enters the small intestine and finally the large intestine. Most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, whereas the large intestine mainly absorbs water and salts. The correct order is 2-4-3-1.
Q4With reference to human digestion and absorption, consider the following statements: 1. Bile is an enzyme that digests fats. 2. Villi and microvilli increase the absorptive surface of the small intestine. 3. Fatty acids and glycerol largely enter lymph through lacteals before reaching blood. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Villi and microvilli enlarge the absorptive surface, while fatty acids and glycerol largely travel through intestinal lacteals before entering blood. Bile emulsifies fats and supports lipase action, but bile itself is not an enzyme.
Q5With reference to nutrition and deficiency disorders, consider the following statements: 1. Vitamin K deficiency can affect blood clotting. 2. Iodine deficiency can reduce thyroid hormone synthesis. 3. Fluoride excess can cause fluorosis. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
All three statements are correct. Vitamin K is linked to clotting, iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis, and excessive fluoride can cause fluorosis. Fluoride is notable because both deficiency and excess matter: too little raises dental-caries risk, whereas too much can produce fluorosis.
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6Consider the following statements about coordination in the human body: 1. Nervous control is generally fast and targeted, whereas endocrine control is slower but often longer-lasting. 2. Parasympathetic activity prepares the body for stress by increasing heart rate and mobilising glucose. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
7Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. List I (Structure or tissue) A. Skeletal muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Cardiac muscle D. Tendon List II (Characteristic or role) 1. Involuntary and found in the gut, blood vessels and uterus 2. Attaches muscle to bone 3. Voluntary and striated 4. Involuntary, striated and specialised for rhythmic contraction
8Consider the following statements about renal physiology: 1. Antidiuretic hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. 2. Haemodialysis is a full replacement for the endocrine functions of the kidneys. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
9Arrange the following events of a reflex arc in their normal sequence: 1. A motor neuron carries the command to an effector. 2. A receptor detects the stimulus. 3. The effector produces a response. 4. A sensory neuron carries the signal to the spinal cord or brain. Select the correct answer using the code given below.