MCQ
upsc-p1-science-tech-cell-genetics MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 10 upsc-p1-science-tech-cell-genetics questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Arrange the following structures from the broader cellular location to the smaller functional unit: 1. DNA 2. Nucleus 3. Gene 4. Chromosome Select the correct answer using the code given below.
The nucleus contains chromosomes; chromosomes consist of DNA packaged with proteins; and a gene is a functional segment of DNA. Therefore, the correct order is Nucleus → Chromosome → DNA → Gene, shown in option B.
Q2With reference to gene editing, consider the following statements: Statement I: Somatic gene editing affects treated body cells and is not normally inherited. Statement II: Germ-line gene editing can affect descendants and raises stronger concerns about the consent of future persons. Which one of the following is correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Both statements are correct. Somatic editing is confined to the treated person's body cells and is not normally inherited. Germ-line editing can pass changes to future generations, whose members cannot consent, so it raises stronger governance and ethical concerns.
Q3With reference to meiosis, consider the following statements: 1. It involves two successive divisions after one round of DNA replication. 2. Crossing over occurs during prophase I. 3. In humans, it produces diploid daughter cells. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Meiosis has two successive divisions after one DNA-replication round, and crossing over occurs in prophase I. It produces haploid gametes rather than diploid daughter cells in humans, making Statement 3 incorrect.
Q4Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. List I (Method) A. Karyotyping B. Southern blotting C. Northern blotting D. Western blotting List II (Primary use) 1. Detection of specific RNA 2. Examination of chromosome number, size and banding pattern 3. Detection of proteins 4. Detection of specific DNA sequences
Karyotyping examines chromosomes by number, size and banding pattern. Southern blotting detects specific DNA sequences, northern blotting detects RNA, and western blotting detects proteins. Thus option C gives the correct matching.
Q5With reference to patterns of inheritance, consider the following statements: 1. Alleles of different genes assort independently when the genes are on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome. 2. Linkage is a major exception to independent assortment. 3. Polygenic traits generally show continuous variation rather than clean Mendelian categories. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
All three statements are correct. Independent assortment applies when genes are on different chromosomes or sufficiently far apart on the same chromosome; linkage is its major exception. Polygenic traits are influenced by many genes and often the environment, so they commonly show continuous variation.
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6Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. List I (Cell structure) A. Mitochondrion B. Golgi apparatus C. Ribosome D. Chloroplast List II (Main function) 1. Protein synthesis 2. Photosynthesis 3. ATP generation through aerobic respiration 4. Modification, sorting and packaging of proteins
7Arrange the following stages of crop biotechnology from the earliest to the latest: 1. Environmental risk assessment 2. Laboratory transformation 3. Farmer adoption 4. Confined field trial Select the correct answer using the code given below.
8With reference to cell architecture, consider the following statements: 1. In eukaryotes, transcription begins in the nucleus, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm. 2. Mitochondria generate ATP through aerobic respiration and contain their own circular DNA. 3. Viruses are typical cells because they replicate without host machinery. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
9With reference to gene expression and mutation, consider the following statements: 1. Reverse transcription in retroviruses is an exception to the usual flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. 2. All genes are active in all normal body cells. 3. Every mutation causes disease. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
10With reference to genetic testing, consider the following statements: Statement I: Screening identifies persons at higher risk. Statement II: Diagnosis confirms disease. Which one of the following is correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.