MCQ
upsc-p1-environment-ecosystem-types MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 10 upsc-p1-environment-ecosystem-types questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Consider the following statements about natural grasslands: 1. Their below-ground biomass may be high, with dense roots storing organic matter and binding soil. 2. Complete suppression of fire and removal of all grazing necessarily conserve every natural grassland. 3. Tree planting in a natural grassland may reduce native biodiversity and harm open-habitat species. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Root mats can store organic matter and aid regrowth, while unsuitable tree planting can damage a natural open ecosystem. Statement 2 is incorrect because some grasslands are maintained by fire and grazing; removing both can permit woody invasion.
Q2Match List I with List II: List I (Ecosystem service category) A. Provisioning B. Regulating C. Cultural D. Supporting List II (Illustration) 1. Nutrient cycling 2. Sacred grove linked with community identity 3. Fisheries 4. Flood moderation Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Option D is correct. Fisheries are a provisioning service, flood moderation is regulating, a sacred grove tied to identity is cultural, and nutrient cycling is a supporting service.
Q3Consider the following statements about forest ecosystems: 1. A typical forest structure may include canopy, understorey, shrub layer, herb layer, litter and soil biota. 2. A dense monoculture plantation may show substantial canopy while performing poorly for understorey diversity and wildlife movement. 3. Forest-cover mapping by itself establishes the legal status and community rights of the mapped land. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Forest structure is layered, and canopy density alone does not establish ecological quality. Statement 3 is incorrect because forest cover is a canopy-mapping category; it does not by itself prove legal status or community rights.
Q4Match List I with List II: List I (Ecosystem) A. Forest B. Grassland C. Desert D. Wetland List II (Prominent ecological control) 1. Periodic inundation and waterlogged soil 2. Aridity and water stress 3. Canopy and rainfall 4. Seasonal moisture, fire and grazing Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Option C is correct. Forests are strongly shaped by canopy and rainfall; grasslands by seasonal moisture, fire and grazing; deserts by aridity and water stress; and wetlands by periodic inundation and waterlogged soil.
Q5Consider the following statements: 1. Periodic inundation in a wetland can create hydric soil and oxygen-deficient conditions. 2. Human-made water bodies are excluded from the wetland category in every circumstance. 3. Coral reefs are marine ecosystems built by coral polyps and symbiotic algae, generally requiring clear, warm and shallow water. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Inundation shapes wetland soil and oxygen conditions, and coral reefs depend on coral polyps, symbiotic algae and suitable shallow marine water. Statement 2 is incorrect because some human-made water bodies can qualify as wetlands when they meet the relevant criteria.
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More questions
6Arrange the following components of a typical forest from the uppermost vegetation layer towards the ground: 1. Herb layer 2. Canopy 3. Shrub layer 4. Understorey 5. Litter Select the correct answer using the code given below.
7Arrange the following events in the usual sequence of nutrient-driven eutrophication in a lake: 1. Depletion of dissolved oxygen 2. Excess input of nitrogen and phosphorus 3. Stress or mortality among fish 4. Rapid algal growth Select the correct answer using the code given below.
8Consider the following statements: Statement I: Desertification is land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas rather than merely the expansion of a sandy desert. Statement II: A natural desert can be a biodiverse and stable ecosystem even when its biomass is low. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
9Consider the following statements about aquatic ecosystems: 1. Upper river reaches are generally fast, cold and rich in dissolved oxygen. 2. Excess nutrient loading can lead to algal growth, oxygen depletion and fish stress. 3. An estuary and a delta are synonymous because both are defined as depositional landforms at a river mouth. Which of the statements given above are correct?
10Consider the following statements: Statement I: A national park or a sanctuary is a legal category rather than an ecosystem type. Statement II: A single protected area may contain forest, grassland, wetland or desert ecosystems in combination. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?