Union Government (Executive, Legislature, Judiciary) MCQ — 449 Practice Questions with Answers

Explanation

Article 310 embodies the doctrine of pleasure — members of defence services and civil services of the Union and All-India Services hold office during the pleasure of the President, and members of State civil services hold office during the pleasure of the Governor. Article 311 provides safeguards against arbitrary dismissal.

Explanation

Article 143 empowers the President to refer to the Supreme Court any question of law or fact of public importance for its opinion. The Supreme Court's opinion under Article 143 is advisory and generally not binding. Notable references include the Kerala Education Bill, Berubari Union, Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal, Ayodhya reference and the 2G spectrum reference.

Explanation

The Supreme Court of India under Articles 124–147 is the guardian and final interpreter of the Constitution. Its decisions are binding on all courts in the territory of India (Article 141).

Explanation

Article 112 requires the President to cause to be laid before both Houses of Parliament a statement of estimated receipts and expenditure for each financial year — known as the Annual Financial Statement or Budget.

Explanation

Justice Surya Kant was sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India on November 24, 2025, succeeding Justice BR Gavai. President Droupadi Murmu administered the oath of office at Rashtrapati Bhavan.