Union Government (Executive, Legislature, Judiciary) MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

Article 53(1) vests the executive power of the Union in the President, to be exercised directly or through officers subordinate to him. However, under Article 74, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.

Article 112 requires the President to cause to be laid before both Houses of Parliament a statement of estimated receipts and expenditure for each financial year, called the Annual Financial Statement (Budget).

Article 311 provides: (1) no civil servant shall be dismissed/removed by an authority subordinate to the appointing authority, (2) no dismissal/removal/reduction without reasonable opportunity of being heard (inquiry). Exceptions include security of State, conviction, and where inquiry is not reasonably practicable.

Under the revised FDI policy permitting 100% foreign ownership in insurance, the key safeguard is that at least one of the top three leadership positions — Chairperson, Managing Director, or Chief Executive Officer — must be held by a resident Indian. This ensures domestic management oversight and accountability to Indian regulatory frameworks and policyholder interests, even under full foreign ownership. There is no requirement for public sector equity retention, board majority, or domestic premium reinvestment under this policy.

Statement 1 is correct because Article 85(1) requires that the gap between two sessions of Parliament must not exceed six months. Statement 2 is correct because Article 89(1) makes the Vice-President the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Statement 3 is incorrect because that the Chairman need not be a member of the Rajya Sabha.