MCQ
Federalism MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 101 Federalism questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Consider the following statements about Article 252 legislation: 1. Article 252 can be invoked when the Legislatures of two or more States consider it desirable that Parliament regulate a matter otherwise outside Parliament's ordinary competence for States. 2. For Article 252, resolutions must be passed by all Houses of the Legislatures of those States. 3. A State that did not initiate the process can later adopt the Parliamentary Act by legislative resolution. 4. After an Article 252 Act applies to a State, that State Legislature may amend or repeal it for that State. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct. Article 252 requires two or more States and resolutions by all Houses of their Legislatures, and later adoption by another State is possible. Statement 4 is false because such an Act cannot be amended or repealed by the State Legislature to which it applies; Parliament must do so in like manner.
Q2Consider the following statements on executive federalism: 1. The Union executive power extends to matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws. 2. The Union executive power automatically extends within a State to all matters on which both Parliament and the State Legislature can make laws. 3. The executive power of a State extends to matters with respect to which the State Legislature has power to make laws. 4. Article 256 enables the Union to give directions to a State to ensure compliance with Parliamentary laws applicable in that State. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statement 1 is true under Article 73. Statement 2 is false: Article 73's proviso restricts Union executive extension in a State over shared legislative matters unless expressly provided. Statement 3 is true under Article 162. Statement 4 is true under Article 256.
Q3Consider the following statements regarding the Bihar political transition of 14 April 2026: 1. Nitish Kumar resigned as Chief Minister of Bihar because Article 101 of the Constitution barred him from holding membership of both Parliament and a State Legislature simultaneously. 2. Samrat Choudhary was unanimously elected leader of the NDA legislative party in Bihar on the same day and is set to become the first BJP Chief Minister of the state. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Both statements are correct. Article 101 of the Constitution prohibits dual membership of Parliament and a State Legislature; Kumar took oath as a Rajya Sabha MP on 10 April 2026 and therefore had to vacate his Bihar Legislative Council seat and the chief ministership. Samrat Choudhary was unanimously elected by the BJP and the wider NDA legislative party on 14 April and is scheduled to take oath on 15 April 2026 as Bihar's first BJP Chief Minister.
Q4Consider the following statements on the Inter-State Council: 1. The Inter-State Council was established under Article 263 by a Presidential Order dated 28 May 1990. 2. The Inter-State Council is a permanent constitutional body for coordination between the States of the Union. 3. The Prime Minister is the Chairman of the Inter-State Council. 4. Six Union Cabinet-rank Ministers nominated by the Prime Minister are members of the Council. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is false because the ISCS page states that Article 263 makes clear the Council is not a permanent constitutional body and may be established when public interest so requires.
Q5Consider the following statements about repugnancy under Article 254: 1. If a State law on a Concurrent List matter is repugnant to a competent Parliamentary law, the Parliamentary law prevails and the State law is void to the extent of repugnancy. 2. A repugnant State law on a Concurrent List matter can prevail in that State if it was reserved for the President and received his assent. 3. Once Presidential assent is obtained for such a State law, Parliament cannot later legislate on the same matter. 4. Article 254 applies to conflicts between State List laws of two different States. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Article 254 gives primacy to a competent Parliamentary law on Concurrent List repugnancy, but a reserved and assented State law can prevail in that State. Statement 3 is false because Parliament may later legislate on the same matter. Statement 4 is false because Article 254 is about Concurrent List repugnancy, not conflicts between State List laws of different States.
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6Consider the following statements: 1. Every proclamation under Article 356 must be laid before each House of Parliament. 2. Except for a revoking proclamation, an Article 356 proclamation ceases after two months unless approved by both Houses of Parliament. 3. An approved Article 356 proclamation can remain in force for more than three years if both Houses keep approving it every six months. Which of the statements given above are correct?
7Consider the following statements regarding repugnancy under Article 254: 1. If a State law is repugnant to a competent parliamentary law on a Concurrent List matter, the parliamentary law prevails subject to clause (2). 2. A State law on a Concurrent List matter may prevail in that State if it is reserved for the President and receives his assent. 3. Once the President assents to such a State law, Parliament can never make a later law on the same matter. Which of the statements given above are correct?
8Consider the following statements regarding All-India Services under Article 312: 1. The Council of States must pass a resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of members present and voting for creation of one or more All-India Services in the national interest. 2. Parliament may by law provide for the creation of such services common to the Union and the States. 3. Article 312 says the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service were abolished at the commencement of the Constitution. Which of the statements given above are correct?
9Consider the following statements on the Finance Commission: 1. The President constitutes the Finance Commission at the expiration of every fifth year or earlier if considered necessary. 2. The Prime Minister appoints the Finance Commission, which consists of a Chairman and six other members. 3. The Finance Commission recommends distribution of net tax proceeds between the Union and the States. 4. The President causes Finance Commission recommendations and an explanatory memorandum on action taken to be laid before each House of Parliament. Which of the statements given above are correct?
10Consider the following statements regarding Article 256 of the Constitution: 1. The executive power of every State must be exercised to ensure compliance with laws made by Parliament. 2. The Union executive power extends to giving necessary directions to a State for that purpose. 3. Article 256 vests the power to issue such directions in the Inter-State Council. Which of the statements given above are correct?
11Consider the following statements regarding Article 245 of the Constitution: 1. Parliament may make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India. 2. A State Legislature may make laws for the whole or any part of that State. 3. A law made by Parliament is invalid merely because it has extra-territorial operation. Which of the statements given above are correct?
12Consider the following statements about police, public order and local government in the Seventh Schedule: 1. Public order is in the State List, but it excludes the use of Union armed forces or Union-controlled forces in aid of civil power. 2. Police, including railway and village police, is in the State List subject to Entry 2A of List I. 3. Local government is a Union List subject because Parliament alone creates municipal corporations. 4. Entry 80 of List I lets a State police force exercise powers in another State without that other State Government's consent. Which of the statements given above are correct?
13Consider the following statements on GST Council decision-making: 1. When voting occurs, the Central Government's vote has one-third weightage of total votes cast. 2. The votes of all State Governments taken together have two-thirds weightage of total votes cast. 3. A proposal is carried if the weighted votes in favour are equal to or greater than three-fourths of the total weighted votes of members present and voting. 4. The Chairperson of the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs is a voting member of all GST Council proceedings. Which of the statements given above are correct?
14Consider the following statements regarding inter-State river water disputes: 1. Article 262 allows Parliament to provide by law for adjudication of disputes about the use, distribution or control of waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys. 2. Parliament may provide that neither the Supreme Court nor any other court will exercise jurisdiction over such disputes. 3. Article 262 itself creates a permanent tribunal for every inter-State river. Which of the statements given above are correct?
15Consider the following statements: 1. During a Proclamation of Emergency, the Union executive power may extend to giving directions to any State on how its executive power is to be exercised. 2. During such Emergency, Parliament's law-making power may include imposing duties on Union officers even for matters not enumerated in the Union List. 3. Article 354 allows the President, during Emergency, to modify provisions of Part XI on legislative relations between the Union and States. Which of the statements given above are correct?