Access and Benefit Sharing MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

6Consider the following statements about Biodiversity Management Committees under the Biological Diversity Act: 1. Every local body at the Gram Panchayat level in rural areas and specified urban local bodies must constitute a Biodiversity Management Committee. 2. The number of members of such a committee shall be less than seven. 3. The National Biodiversity Authority and State Biodiversity Boards must consult Biodiversity Management Committees while taking decisions relating to the use of biological resources or associated traditional knowledge within their jurisdiction. Which of the statements given above are correct?

7Consider the following statements about sharing of benefits under India's 2014 ABS Guidelines: 1. When approval is granted by the NBA, 5.0% of accrued benefits go to the NBA, out of which half may be retained by it and half passed to the concerned SBB for administrative charges. 2. When approval is granted by the SBB, the SBB may retain a share not exceeding 5.0% of accrued benefits as administrative charges. 3. The remaining amount is to be passed directly to identified benefit claimers or through the concerned BMC where benefit claimers are identified. 4. If benefit claimers are not identified, the amount may be used to support conservation and sustainable use of biological resources and to promote livelihoods of local people from where the resources are accessed. Which of the statements given above are correct?

8Which financing mechanism was specifically mentioned for linking conservation stewardship with livelihoods in the project?

9Consider the following statements about Indian access rules and project-level ABS financing: 1. A person other than those covered under Section 3(2) must give prior intimation to the concerned State Biodiversity Board before accessing biological resources and associated knowledge for commercial utilisation. 2. Section 7's prior-intimation requirement applies equally to local people and communities of the area without any exemption. 3. For cultivated medicinal plants, the exemption is available only if a certificate of origin is obtained from the Biodiversity Management Committee. 4. A biodiversity project release cited Access and Benefit Sharing arrangements, corporate responsibility co-financing and green micro-enterprises as financing mechanisms linking stewardship with livelihoods. Which of the statements given above are correct?

10Consider the following statements about tools and mechanisms under the Nagoya Protocol: 1. National focal points and competent national authorities serve as contact points for information, access or compliance cooperation. 2. The Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House is meant to share information such as domestic regulatory ABS requirements and information on focal points and competent national authorities. 3. The Protocol’s financial mechanism is the World Trade Organization. Which of the statements given above are correct?

11Consider the following statements about the Nagoya Protocol: 1. It is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2. It was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan and entered into force on 12 October 2014. 3. The Protocol treats benefits only as monetary benefits and excludes non-monetary benefits. 4. It covers traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources covered by the Convention. Which of the statements given above are correct?

12Consider the following statements about benefit-sharing instruments in a biodiversity project: 1. Access and Benefit Sharing arrangements were listed as a financing mechanism linking conservation stewardship with livelihoods. 2. Corporate responsibility co-financing and green micro-enterprises were also listed as financing mechanisms. 3. The cited project design identified a carbon border tax as the specific financing mechanism for local livelihoods. Which of the statements given above are correct?

13Consider the following statements about traditional knowledge under the Nagoya Protocol: 1. Traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources held by indigenous and local communities is to be accessed with their prior and informed consent or approval and involvement. 2. The Protocol does not address benefit sharing from the use of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources. 3. Article 7 removes the role of mutually agreed terms for access to such traditional knowledge. Which of the statements given above are correct?

14Consider the following statements about access and benefit-sharing agreements under the Nagoya Protocol: 1. They are made only between two user countries and do not involve providers of genetic resources. 2. They involve providers and users of genetic resources. 3. They entail prior informed consent and mutually agreed terms. Which of the statements given above are correct?

15Consider the following statements about intellectual property rights based on Indian biological resources: 1. Persons covered under Section 3(2) must obtain prior approval of the National Biodiversity Authority before grant of such intellectual property rights. 2. Persons covered under Section 7 must register with the National Biodiversity Authority before grant of such intellectual property rights. 3. Persons covered under Section 7 who have obtained such intellectual property rights must obtain prior approval only at the research-publication stage. 4. The National Biodiversity Authority may impose benefit sharing fee or royalty while granting approval for such intellectual property rights. Which of the statements given above are correct?