MCQ
Grid Flexibility MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 88 Grid Flexibility questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Consider the following statements about renewable integration in Indian states: 1. Flexibility options include demand-side flexibility, power plant flexibility, storage and grid flexibility. 2. Flexibility challenges, solutions and priorities are identical in all Indian states. 3. The optimal mix of flexibility resources needs to be determined for each state. 4. Policy, market and regulatory solutions are also part of the flexibility response. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 4 are true because the IEA lists demand-side flexibility, power plant flexibility, storage, grid flexibility and policy, market and regulatory solutions. Statement 2 is false: the report says flexibility challenges, solutions and priorities differ by state. Statement 3 is true because the optimal mix must be determined for each state.
Q2Consider the following statements about flexible operation of coal-based thermal power units in India: 1. CEA-linked material refers to 55% minimum load and 2% and 3% ramp-rate operating requirements. 2. The same material also refers to measures for thermal units to operate at 40% minimum load under phasing plans. 3. Flexible thermal operation is connected with integrating large renewable energy capacity. 4. Flexible operation means coal-based units have no minimum technical-load constraints. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1, 2 and 3 are true. Statement 4 is false because the cited material explicitly discusses minimum load and technical minimum-load targets rather than removing such constraints.
Q3Consider the following statements about ancillary services in grid operation: 1. Ancillary services help maintain power quality, reliability and security of the grid. 2. Frequency control, voltage control and black start are three main types of ancillary services. 3. Ancillary services address only planned maintenance, not real-time supply-demand imbalances. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statement 1 is correct: the CERC expert committee report quotes IEGC 2023 on services needed for power quality, reliability and security. Statement 2 is correct because the report lists frequency control, voltage control and black start. Statement 3 is incorrect: the same passage says ancillary services address real-time imbalances between supply and demand.
Q4Consider the following statements about ancillary services and grid operation: 1. Ancillary services can help maintain grid frequency close to 50 Hz. 2. Ancillary-service mechanisms can address transmission congestion. 3. Ancillary services are meant to increase frequency deviations away from permissible limits. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. PIB states that ancillary-service mechanisms support frequency control, help keep frequency close to 50 Hz and address transmission congestion. Statement 3 is incorrect because the goal is restoration within permissible limits, not pushing frequency away from them.
Q5Consider the following statements about energy storage and grid flexibility: 1. Energy storage systems can store available renewable energy and use it during peak hours. 2. Energy storage can improve grid stability and enable energy or peak shifting. 3. Energy storage has no role in ancillary support services. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. MNRE says ESS can store renewable energy for peak hours, improve grid stability and enable energy/peak shifting. Statement 3 is incorrect because ancillary support services are listed among storage benefits.
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6Consider the following statements about curtailment and control of renewable generation: 1. In normal operation, renewables would be dispatched fully. 2. Network congestion or coal generation reaching technical minimum levels can make renewable curtailment through automatic generation control desirable. 3. Renewable curtailment is never related to grid security or stability. 4. Surplus renewable generation may be used for hydrogen production, compressed air storage or pumped storage. Which of the statements given above are correct?
7Consider the following statements about enabling technologies for demand-side flexibility: 1. Distributed energy resources and connected devices can support demand response when coupled with smart meters and digital management systems. 2. Such technologies can reduce peak demand. 3. Smart meters make demand response impossible because they remove visibility of electricity use. Which of the statements given above are correct?
8Consider the following statements about flexibilisation of thermal power plants in renewable integration: 1. Managing the inconsistency and intermittency of solar and wind power may require support from other sources of generation for grid stability. 2. Flexible operation of thermal power plants is relevant to handling the instability and intermittency of renewable generation. 3. CEA's categorisation cited in its coal-flexibilisation report groups thermal units as very flexible at 40% MTL, flexible at 45% MTL and low flexible at 50% MTL. 4. Flexible operation of coal-fired units removes the need for operator training because low-load operation is safer than base-load operation. Which of the statements given above are correct?
9Consider the following statements about variable renewable energy and flexibility: 1. The inherent variability of wind and solar PV generation raises challenges for power-system operators and regulators. 2. In IEA's phase framework, structural surpluses of VRE generation can lead to curtailment. 3. Flexibility for VRE integration is supplied only by generation-side assets; demand-side and storage resources are outside its scope. 4. Variable renewable energy reduces inherent variability and uncertainty in electricity systems, thereby reducing the need for flexibility. Which of the statements given above are correct?
10Consider the following statements about assets that can provide flexibility services: 1. Variable renewable energy can provide flexibility services if enabled by suitable policy, market and regulatory frameworks. 2. Energy storage and distributed energy resources are among assets that can provide flexibility. 3. Electricity networks are excluded from power-system flexibility assets. Which of the statements given above are correct?
11Consider the following statements: 1. Power system flexibility means maintaining continuous service despite rapid and large swings in supply or demand. 2. Flexibility has always been needed because power systems must plan for contingencies such as plant and transmission outages. 3. Energy storage and distributed energy resources can provide flexibility services when policy, market and regulatory frameworks allow their participation. 4. Grid flexibility is relevant only after renewable energy becomes the dominant source of electricity supply. Which of the statements given above are correct?
12Consider the following statements about coordinated flexibility measures for renewable integration: 1. CEA examined a sequence in which hydro and gas are flexed first, then pump or battery storage and two-shift coal operation are considered, and finally renewable-energy curtailment is explored. 2. CEA found that even 1% renewable-energy curtailment substantially reduces the burden on other sources to provide flexible power. 3. The central problem is a shortage of total energy; producing energy at the right time is not a flexibility issue. 4. Automatic generation control for solar and hydro, demand-side management and robust forecasting can reduce the difference between peak and off-peak demand. Which of the statements given above are correct?
13Consider the following statements about grid flexibility: 1. Operational flexibility is the ability of a power system to respond to changes in electricity demand and generation. 2. Variable renewable energy reduces the need for flexibility because its output is always dispatchable. 3. Electricity demand and generation must be constantly balanced for power system stability and reliability. Which of the statements given above are correct?
14Consider the following statements about demand-side flexibility: 1. Demand response enables households and businesses to shift or shed electricity use in response to grid or market signals. 2. Demand response generally has no role in reducing peak capacity requirements. 3. Demand response can lower renewable integration costs when deployed at scale. Which of the statements given above are correct?
15Consider the following statements about demand response: 1. Demand response can involve shifting or shedding electricity demand in response to incentives. 2. Demand response helps balance the grid. 3. Demand response works only on the supply side and does not involve consumers changing consumption. Which of the statements given above are correct?