Grid Flexibility MCQ

Question 1

Consider the following statements about renewable integration in Indian states:
1. Flexibility options include demand-side flexibility, power plant flexibility, storage and grid flexibility.
2. Flexibility challenges, solutions and priorities are identical in all Indian states.
3. The optimal mix of flexibility resources needs to be determined for each state.
4. Policy, market and regulatory solutions are also part of the flexibility response.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Statements 1 and 4 are true because the IEA lists demand-side flexibility, power plant flexibility, storage, grid flexibility and policy, market and regulatory solutions. Statement 2 is false: the report says flexibility challenges, solutions and priorities differ by state. Statement 3 is true because the optimal mix must be determined for each state.

Question 2

Consider the following statements about flexible operation of coal-based thermal power units in India:
1. CEA-linked material refers to 55% minimum load and 2% and 3% ramp-rate operating requirements.
2. The same material also refers to measures for thermal units to operate at 40% minimum load under phasing plans.
3. Flexible thermal operation is connected with integrating large renewable energy capacity.
4. Flexible operation means coal-based units have no minimum technical-load constraints.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Statements 1, 2 and 3 are true. Statement 4 is false because the cited material explicitly discusses minimum load and technical minimum-load targets rather than removing such constraints.

Question 3

Consider the following statements about ancillary services in grid operation:
1. Ancillary services help maintain power quality, reliability and security of the grid.
2. Frequency control, voltage control and black start are three main types of ancillary services.
3. Ancillary services address only planned maintenance, not real-time supply-demand imbalances.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Statement 1 is correct: the CERC expert committee report quotes IEGC 2023 on services needed for power quality, reliability and security. Statement 2 is correct because the report lists frequency control, voltage control and black start. Statement 3 is incorrect: the same passage says ancillary services address real-time imbalances between supply and demand.

Question 4

Consider the following statements about ancillary services and grid operation:
1. Ancillary services can help maintain grid frequency close to 50 Hz.
2. Ancillary-service mechanisms can address transmission congestion.
3. Ancillary services are meant to increase frequency deviations away from permissible limits.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. PIB states that ancillary-service mechanisms support frequency control, help keep frequency close to 50 Hz and address transmission congestion. Statement 3 is incorrect because the goal is restoration within permissible limits, not pushing frequency away from them.

Question 5

Consider the following statements about energy storage and grid flexibility:
1. Energy storage systems can store available renewable energy and use it during peak hours.
2. Energy storage can improve grid stability and enable energy or peak shifting.
3. Energy storage has no role in ancillary support services.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. MNRE says ESS can store renewable energy for peak hours, improve grid stability and enable energy/peak shifting. Statement 3 is incorrect because ancillary support services are listed among storage benefits.

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