MCQ
upsc-p1-environment-ozone-montreal MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 9 upsc-p1-environment-ozone-montreal questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Consider the following statements about the seasonal Antarctic ozone hole: Statement I: The Antarctic ozone hole is not a literal empty gap but a region of greatly reduced stratospheric ozone. Statement II: The cold polar vortex, polar stratospheric clouds and returning spring sunlight together promote intense seasonal ozone loss. Which one of the following is correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Both statements are correct. The ozone hole describes severe thinning, not an atmospheric void. Antarctica's cold polar vortex isolates air, polar stratospheric clouds provide reaction surfaces, and spring sunlight activates chlorine and bromine chemistry after the dark winter.
Q2Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. List I (Substance group) A. CFCs B. Halons C. Methyl bromide D. Carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform List II (Associated use) 1. Fumigation 2. Industrial solvents and feedstocks 3. Fire suppression 4. Refrigeration, air conditioning, aerosols and foam blowing
CFCs were widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, aerosols and foam blowing; halons mainly in fire suppression; methyl bromide as a fumigant; and carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform as industrial solvents and feedstocks. Thus the correct matching is A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2.
Q3With reference to ozone in the atmosphere, consider the following statements: 1. Ozone depletion means long-term thinning of stratospheric ozone. 2. Ground-level ozone is the beneficial ozone shield that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation. 3. Dobson Units measure total-column ozone rather than surface concentration. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The protective ozone shield is concentrated in the stratosphere, while ground-level ozone is a harmful secondary air pollutant. Dobson Units express total-column ozone and are not a measure of surface pollutant concentration.
Q4Consider the following statements about implementation of the Montreal Protocol: Statement I: For treaty-control purposes, consumption generally means production plus imports minus exports. Statement II: Recovery and destruction programmes can remain necessary after phase-out dates because controlled refrigerants stored in old equipment may leak for years. Which one of the following is correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Both statements are correct. Montreal's trade-linked consumption formula makes production, imports and exports central to compliance. Production controls reduce new flows, but existing refrigerant banks in appliances, foam and cylinders persist, so recovery, reclamation and destruction remain implementation tasks.
Q5With reference to India's legal and institutional framework for implementing ozone-related commitments, consider the following statements: 1. The Ozone Depleting Substances Rules, 2000 were issued under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. 2. The Ozone Cell is a separate constitutional body that fixes HFC quotas. 3. Courts determine the technical Montreal schedules, while treaty bodies and the executive only enforce them. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Only statement 1 is correct. The Ozone Cell is an administrative and technical unit in the environment ministry, not a constitutional body. Courts support authority and accountability, but HFC quotas and Montreal schedules arise from treaty commitments, statutory rules and executive action.
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6Arrange the following developments in chronological order, from earliest to latest: A. Adoption of the Kigali Amendment B. Adoption of the Vienna Convention C. London Amendment creating the financial mechanism D. Signing of the Montreal Protocol Select the correct answer using the code given below.
7With reference to substances associated with the Montreal Protocol system, consider the following statements: 1. HCFCs have lower ozone depletion potential than many CFCs but are still ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gases. 2. HFCs are generally ozone-depleting substances and are controlled by Kigali mainly for their chlorine content. 3. Bromine-bearing halons can have strong ozone-depleting effectiveness and were used mainly in fire suppression. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
8Consider the following statements about the architecture of the ozone treaty regime: 1. The Vienna Convention established cooperation, research and information-sharing but did not itself set a binding ODS phase-out schedule. 2. The Montreal Protocol controls only emissions and does not control production or consumption. 3. The 1990 London Amendment created a financial mechanism to help Article 5 parties meet incremental costs. Which of the statements given above are correct? Select the correct answer using the code given below.
9Arrange the following stages of ozone depletion and recovery in their logical sequence: A. Reactive chlorine or bromine is regenerated while ozone is converted into ordinary oxygen. B. Long-lived ozone-depleting substances remain stable in the troposphere and reach the stratosphere. C. Recovery remains gradual because older CFCs and halons persist for long periods. D. Intense ultraviolet light releases reactive chlorine or bromine from the substances. Select the correct answer using the code given below.