MCQ
Pollution & Conservation MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers
Solve 93 Pollution & Conservation questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.
Practice questions
Q1Consider the following statements: 1. Section 2 of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 restricts dereservation of reserved forests without prior approval of the Central Government. 2. The Act restricts use of forest land for non-forest purpose without prior approval of the Central Government. 3. With Central Government approval and specified terms, forest land may be assigned by lease or otherwise to a private person or specified authority. 4. Clearing naturally grown trees on forest land for reafforestation is outside Section 2 and never needs prior Central approval. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct because Section 2 requires prior Central Government approval for dereservation and non-forest use. Statement 3 is correct because lease or assignment to private persons or other bodies is allowed only subject to terms specified by the Central Government. Statement 4 is incorrect: clearing naturally grown trees for reafforestation is also listed under Section 2's prior-approval framework.
Q2Consider the following statements: 1. The Green India Mission is one of the missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change. 2. The Green India Mission aims to protect, restore and enhance India's forest cover and respond to climate change through adaptation and mitigation measures. 3. The National Tiger Conservation Authority is constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 4. Project Tiger is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme providing support for in-situ conservation of tigers in designated tiger reserves. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: official Green India Mission material identifies it as a mission under NAPCC and states its protection, restoration, enhancement, adaptation and mitigation aims. Statement 3 is incorrect because NTCA is under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006. Statement 4 is correct: NTCA describes Project Tiger as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for in-situ tiger conservation in designated reserves.
Q3Consider the following statements: 1. Interior wetlands include marshes, ponds, lakes, peatlands, rivers, floodplains and mud. 2. Coastal wetlands include saltwater marshes, estuaries, mangroves, lagoons and coral reefs. 3. Fish ponds and rice fields are never treated as human-made wetlands. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct as listed on the MoEFCC wetlands page. Statement 3 is incorrect because fish ponds and rice fields are given as examples of human-made wetlands.
Q4Consider the following statements: 1. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is a Ramsar Site of Assam. 2. Sukinda Valley in Odisha holds about 95 per cent of India's chromite reserves. 3. Deepar Beel, not Dibru-Saikhowa, is identified in the corpus as Assam's Ramsar site entry. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statement 1 is false: the corpus explicitly says Assam's Ramsar entry is Deepar Beel, not Dibru-Saikhowa. Statement 2 is true: the corpus states that the Sukinda ultramafic complex contributes nearly 95 per cent of India's chromite reserves. Statement 3 is true for the same reason.
Q5Consider the following statements: 1. Section 7 of the Biological Diversity Act establishes the National Biodiversity Authority. 2. Section 22 of the Biological Diversity Act deals with State Biodiversity Boards. 3. Section 41 of the Biological Diversity Act deals with Biodiversity Management Committees. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Statement 1 is false because India Code lists establishment of the National Biodiversity Authority under Section 8, not Section 7. Statement 2 is true because Section 22 is about establishment of State Biodiversity Boards. Statement 3 is true because Section 41 is about constitution of Biodiversity Management Committees.
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6Consider the following statements: 1. Anti-poaching initiatives are among the activities funded under Project Tiger. 2. Habitat improvement and water development are among the activities funded under Project Tiger. 3. Project Tiger funding excludes activities addressing man-animal conflicts. Which of the statements given above are correct?
7Consider the following statements: 1. India banned the manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale and use of identified single-use plastic items across the country from July 1, 2022. 2. The Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules prohibited plastic carry bags below 120 microns from September 30, 2021. 3. Extended Producer Responsibility guidelines for plastic packaging provide a framework to strengthen the circular economy of plastic packaging waste. 4. A PIB explainer states that India's per capita plastic consumption is 28 kg, equal to the global average. Which of the statements given above are correct?
8Consider the following statements: 1. The Environment (Protection) Act empowers the Central Government to issue directions. 2. The Environment (Protection) Act has a chapter on prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution. 3. The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1976. Which of the statements given above are correct?
9Consider the following statements: 1. The Environment (Protection) Act is an Act of 1986. 2. Its long title refers to the protection and improvement of environment. 3. India Code lists Section 5 of this Act as power to give directions. Which of the statements given above are correct?
10Consider the following statements: 1. The Water Act provides for prevention and control of water pollution. 2. The Water Act provides for maintaining or restoring wholesomeness of water. 3. The Water Act provides for establishing Boards for prevention and control of water pollution. Which of the statements given above are correct?
11Consider the following statements: 1. Under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, environment includes water, air and land and their inter-relationship with living beings and property. 2. The Act defines an environmental pollutant only as a gaseous substance injurious to the environment. 3. Section 3 empowers the Central Government to take measures for protecting and improving the environment. 4. Hazardous substance under the Act is defined only by its biological properties, not by chemical or handling-related properties. Which of the statements given above are correct?
12Consider the following statements: 1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 prohibits discharge of pollutants into water bodies beyond a given standard. 2. Under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, consent for operating an industrial plant in a pollution control area is required from the Central Board. 3. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is an umbrella legislation for coordination of central and state authorities established under the Water Act, 1974 and Air Act, 1981. 4. The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 covers accidents involving hazardous substances where death or injury results from an accident. Which of the statements given above are correct?
13Consider the following statements: 1. The Wildlife (Protection) Act prohibits hunting of wild animals specified in Schedules I, II, III and IV, except as provided in sections 11 and 12. 2. Schedule VI includes Beddomes' cycad, Blue Vanda, Kuth, ladies slipper orchids, pitcher plant and Red Vanda. 3. Schedule VI of the Wildlife (Protection) Act lists only vermin animals and no plants. Which of the statements given above are correct?
14Consider the following statements: 1. Appeals from National Green Tribunal awards or orders go only to the High Court. 2. The National Green Tribunal Act is linked with effective and expeditious disposal of environmental protection cases. 3. The National Green Tribunal Act is an Act of 2010. Which of the statements given above are correct?
15Consider the following statements: 1. The National Clean Air Programme was launched in January 2019. 2. NCAP aims at improving air quality in 131 cities across 24 States/UTs by engaging stakeholders. 3. NCAP's stated particulate target is up to 40 per cent reduction in PM10 levels or achievement of national standards by 2025-26. Which of the statements given above are correct?