Climate MCQ — 140 Practice Questions with Answers

Explanation

Continentality means that interior locations far from moderating oceanic influences experience greater extremes of temperature. For example, Delhi (inland) has a much larger annual temperature range (about 25°C) compared to Mumbai (coastal, about 7°C). This effect increases from coast to interior India.

Explanation

Tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal peak during two periods: post-monsoon (October-November) and pre-monsoon (May-June). October-November is the most active period. During peak monsoon (July-August), strong vertical wind shear prevents cyclone intensification.

Explanation

The ozone layer is concentrated in the stratosphere at 15-35 km altitude (maximum at about 25 km). It absorbs 97-99% of UV radiation from the Sun. CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) cause ozone depletion, creating the 'ozone hole' especially over Antarctica.

Explanation

Bay of Bengal cyclones are most frequent in two seasons: post-monsoon (October-November — peak season, about 50% of cyclones) and pre-monsoon (May-June). The Bay of Bengal generates about 7% of world's tropical cyclones and about 5-6 cyclones per year. The post-monsoon peak is due to warm sea surface temperatures, low wind shear, and remnant monsoon moisture. Cyclone naming: WMO rotating list from 13 countries in the region (e.g., Amphan, Tauktae, Biparjoy).

Explanation

El Niño (Spanish: 'The Child') is the warming of sea surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific. It occurs every 2-7 years and affects global weather patterns including weakening Indian monsoons.