Climate MCQ — 233 Practice Questions with Answers

Explanation

IMD classifies the Indian climate into four seasons: Winter (January-February), Pre-monsoon/Summer (March-May), South-West Monsoon (June-September — called the 'Rainy Season'), and Post-monsoon/North-East Monsoon (October-December).

Explanation

In January (Northern Hemisphere winter), the ITCZ shifts to the Southern Hemisphere, roughly between 15°-20°S, following the apparent movement of the sun. It is over northern Australia, southern Africa, and South America. In July, it shifts north to about 25°N over India.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because the fact bank places the normal onset of the southwest monsoon over the Kerala coast around June 1. Statement 2 is correct because the IOD is the sea-surface temperature difference between the western Indian Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean near Indonesia or Sumatra. Statement 3 is correct because the Southern Oscillation is measured through the pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin; a negative SOI corresponds to El Nino conditions that usually weaken the Indian monsoon. Statement 4 is incorrect because Tamil Nadu receives about 60% of its annual rainfall during the northeast or retreating monsoon, not the southwest monsoon.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because Mawsynram is in the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya. Statement 2 is correct because it receives the world's highest average annual rainfall. Statement 3 is correct because the fact bank attributes the extreme rainfall to the funnel-shaped Khasi Hills topography, which forces moist air from the Bay of Bengal to rise sharply.

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct because the Coriolis effect is caused by Earth's rotation. Statement 2 is correct because it deflects moving objects right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Coriolis effect is zero at the equator and maximum at the poles.