sanskrit-upasarga-pratyaya-sa-l2 MCQ — 10 अभ्यास प्रश्न उत्तर सहित

Explanation

The pair kta — kṛta is the correctly matched one. The kṛt suffix kta forms the passive past participle, so kṛ + kta = kṛta, 'done'. The other pairs deliberately cross-wire suffixes with the wrong outputs: tumun makes the infinitive paṭhitum (not paṭhita), śatṛ makes a present participle while kartavya actually needs tavyat, and matup is a taddhita possessive while the agent noun kartṛ needs tṛc. Knowing which suffix yields which category defeats this match trap.

Explanation

The derivation kṛ + ṇvul = kāraka is correct. To name the doer from a root, Sanskrit uses the kṛt agent suffixes ṇvul (giving -aka) or tṛc (giving -tṛ), so kṛ + ṇvul = kāraka, 'the doer' (kṛ + tṛc = kartṛ would also work). The other readings give real but different categories: anīyar yields the gerundive of obligation karaṇīya, kta yields the passive past participle kṛta, and tva yields a taddhita abstract noun — none of which names a person performing the action, the precise category trap.

Explanation

The word dhanavat is the taddhita formation. The decisive test is the base: kṛt suffixes attach to a dhātu, taddhita suffixes attach to a prātipadika (noun stem). dhanavat comes from the noun dhana plus the possessive matup, so it is taddhita. gata (from gam + kta), kartum (from kṛ + tumun) and paṭhitvā (from paṭh + ktvā) all start from roots with kṛt suffixes. Reading only the ending is the kṛt–taddhita confusion trap; reading the base resolves it.

Explanation

The derivation aja + ṭāp = ajā is correct. The two feminine builders are fixed: ṭāp adds long ā (aja becomes ajā) and ṅīp adds long ī (gaura becomes gaurī). The reading aja + ṭāp = ajī wrongly gives ṭāp a long ī, and gaura + ṅīp = gaurā wrongly gives ṅīp a long ā — both are the standard ṭāp–ṅīp swap distractor. The reading gaura + ṅīp = gaura leaves the stem untouched, doing no affix work at all. Only ajā pairs the right affix with its right vowel.

Explanation

The pair tva and tal is correct. These abstract-noun taddhitas both attach to an adjective stem to express the quality itself, so laghu yields laghutva and laghutā, both meaning 'smallness'. The matup-and-in pair offers possessive suffixes ('having ...'), kta-and-ktavatu offers kṛt past participles for roots, and ṭāp-and-ṅīp offers strī-pratyayas for feminine stems — each is a real affix set but wrong for forming an abstract noun, the designed cross-category pull.