Q1. Which one of the following is not considered to be one of the three phases of e-commerce?
A Reinvention
B Preservation Correct
C Globalization
D Commercialization
Explanation
In the standard description used for e-commerce development, the three phases are commonly identified as Commercialization, Globalization and Reinvention. Commercialization refers to turning online exchange into a business process. Globalization points to the expansion of digital trade across markets and borders. Reinvention refers to the reshaping of business models through internet-based systems. Preservation does not describe a recognised phase in this sequence; it suggests keeping existing systems unchanged, which is the opposite of the transformation associated with e-commerce.