sanskrit-samas-sa-l2 MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

In dasa-ananah the vigraha is dasa ananani yasya sah, one whose faces are ten, which names Ravana, a being outside both dasa and anana. That outside-referent test is the heart of bahuvrihi. nila-utpalam stays the lotus, so karmadharaya; rama-laksmanau is two co-equal names with an implied ca, so dvandva; yatha-sakti has a dominant indeclinable first member, so avyayibhava.

nila-utpalam still denotes the lotus, so the adjective-noun same-case relation makes it karmadharaya. nila-kanthah, with vigraha nilah kanthah yasya sah, denotes Siva, a being outside both nila and kantha, so the relative-pronoun yasya test marks it bahuvrihi. Syllable count is irrelevant; nila is a colour, not a number, so it is not dvigu; and nila is an adjective, not an indeclinable, so it is not avyayibhava. The outside-referent test is decisive.

mata-pitarau expands to mata ca pita ca, mother and father, two independently nameable co-equal nouns joined by an implied ca and carrying a dual ending, which is exactly dvandva. deva-alayah restores a genitive so it is tatpurusa; maha-purusah is same-case adjective-noun so karmadharaya; upa-Krsnam has a dominant indeclinable first member so avyayibhava. The and-test with two co-equal members is the reliable dvandva cue.

The vigraha rajnah purusah restores a genitive (sasthi) relation and the meaning rests on the last member purusah, the king's man. A member-in-a-hidden-case with a dominant uttara-pada is precisely tatpurusa. Avyayibhava is ruled out because the first member is not an indeclinable; bahuvrihi is ruled out because no outside referent is named via yasya; dvandva is ruled out because the members are not co-equal with an implied ca.

Statement 1 is the correct master strategy: write the vigraha, then name the pradhana. Statement 2 is true: a dvigu always has a sankhya number first member, like tri-bhuvanam. Statement 3 is false: bahuvrihi explicitly drives the meaning to an outside referent through a relative pronoun yasya, as in pita-ambarah meaning Visnu. So only statements 1 and 2 hold, which is option D. Options accepting statement 3 misstate the defining feature of bahuvrihi.