India assumed the Chairpersonship of the Kimberley Process (KP) from January 1, 2026, taking over from the UAE which held the chair in 2025. This is India's third term as KP Chair (previous terms: 2019 and earlier). The Kimberley Process is a multilateral initiative established to certify that rough diamonds traded internationally are 'conflict-free' — i.e., not used to finance rebel movements or wars against legitimate governments. Established on January 1, 2003, following the UN General Assembly Resolution 55/56, the KP currently has 60 participants representing 86 countries, with the European Union and its member states counting as one participant. The KP Certification Scheme (KPCS) requires participating governments to certify that rough diamond shipments are free of conflict diamonds, with each shipment accompanied by a tamper-resistant certificate. India's nodal agency for KP participation is the Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC), with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry overseeing India's KP engagement. During its chairpersonship, India has committed to priorities including: strengthening KP governance and decision-making transparency; advancing digital certification systems to reduce fraud and improve supply chain traceability; expanding KP's definition of 'conflict diamonds' to cover a broader range of human rights violations; and building capacity among smaller KP participants in Africa and Asia. India is one of the world's largest diamond processing hubs — Surat in Gujarat accounts for approximately 90% of the world's rough diamond cutting and polishing. A stronger KP governance framework directly supports India's diamond processing industry by ensuring ethical supply chain credentials for Indian-cut diamonds in the global market.