The 16th India-EU Summit was held in New Delhi on January 27, 2026, co-chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, and European Council President António Costa — whose visit coincided with India's 77th Republic Day celebrations on January 26. The Summit produced landmark outcomes under the 'Towards 2030: Joint India-EU Comprehensive Strategic Agenda' framework. The most significant achievement was the conclusion of the India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) — described as the 'mother of all deals' — after years of negotiations. Under the FTA, India will phase down duties on EU automobiles from 110% to 10%, reduce tariffs on EU machinery by up to 44% and chemicals by 22%, while the EU grants preferential market access to Indian pharmaceuticals, textiles, and agrifoods across its 450-million-consumer market. The FTA projects bilateral trade escalation from approximately €120 billion to €200 billion by 2030. A second historic outcome was the signing of India and the EU's first-ever Comprehensive Security and Defence Partnership, enabling joint military exercises, intelligence sharing (pending conclusion of a Security of Information Agreement), and co-development in artificial intelligence, drones, and emerging military technologies. The defence partnership covers maritime security, cyber and hybrid threat cooperation, counter-terrorism, space security, and crisis management. Additional outcomes include creation of EU-India Innovation Hubs, launch of an EU-India Startup Partnership, renewal of the EU-India Agreement for Scientific and Technological Cooperation until 2030, exploratory talks on India's association with Horizon Europe (the EU's flagship research programme), a Mobility Pact facilitating visas for Indian students and professionals, and cooperation on green hydrogen and disaster response. The Summit marked the deepest upgrade of India-EU relations since their Strategic Partnership was established in 2004 and elevated to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in 2022.