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school-lecturer-p1-edpsych-t01 MCQ - Practice Questions with Answers

Solve 10 school-lecturer-p1-edpsych-t01 questions for RAS/RPSC preparation.

Practice questions

Q1Which contrast most accurately separates Kohler's insight learning from Thorndike's trial-and-error learning?

A Insight learning involves a sudden grasp of relationships in the whole situation, whereas trial-and-error learning strengthens successful responses gradually.
B Insight learning depends on repeated mechanical practice, whereas trial-and-error learning depends on sudden perception of the whole.
C Insight learning is a form of classical conditioning, whereas trial-and-error learning is a form of observational learning.
D Insight learning requires direct reward after every correct response, whereas trial-and-error learning requires no consequences.
Explanation

Kohler's Gestalt work with the chimpanzee Sultan illustrates insight learning: the learner suddenly perceives relationships in the whole problem situation. Thorndike's connectionism explains learning through trial-and-error, where satisfying consequences gradually strengthen responses under the Law of Effect.

Q2In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, which matching of terms is correct after the bell has been paired repeatedly with food?

A Food - UCS; salivation to food - UCR; bell - CS; salivation to bell - CR
B Food - CS; salivation to food - CR; bell - UCS; salivation to bell - UCR
C Food - UCR; salivation to food - UCS; bell - CR; salivation to bell - CS
D Food - UCS; salivation to food - CR; bell - CS; salivation to bell - UCR
Explanation

Pavlov's classical conditioning separates unlearned and learned links. Food is the UCS and salivation to food is the UCR; after acquisition, the bell becomes the CS and salivation to the bell is the CR, so options that swap stimulus and response terms fail.

Q3Which example is negative reinforcement rather than punishment in Skinner's operant-conditioning terms?

A A student loses access to a preferred activity after repeated rule-breaking, and the rule-breaking decreases.
B A learner receives praise after correct answers, and correct answering increases.
C A loud buzzer stops when a learner presses a lever, and lever pressing increases.
D A learner receives extra written work after disturbing others, and the disturbance decreases.
Explanation

Negative reinforcement is not punishment in Skinner's terminology: it removes an unpleasant stimulus and increases the behaviour that produced the removal. Punishment, whether by adding an aversive consequence or removing a pleasant one, decreases behaviour; praise is positive reinforcement because it adds a pleasant consequence.

Q4Consider the following statements on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. 1. The ZPD is the distance between independent performance and assisted performance. 2. The More Knowledgeable Other may provide support within the ZPD. 3. Scaffolding is permanent help that should remain unchanged after mastery. How many statements are correct?

A One statement only
B All three statements
C Two statements only
D No statement
Explanation

Vygotsky defined the Zone of Proximal Development as the gap between what a learner can do alone and what can be done with guidance from a More Knowledgeable Other. Scaffolding is graded, temporary support within that zone, so it should be reduced as the learner becomes independent.

Q5Which statement is incorrect about Maslow's hierarchy of needs, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and McClelland's achievement motivation?

A In Maslow's hierarchy, physiological needs are lower than safety needs, and self-actualization is placed at the top.
B Intrinsic motivation arises from interest or mastery in the activity itself, while extrinsic motivation depends on outside rewards or consequences.
C McClelland discussed the need for achievement along with the needs for affiliation and power.
D A learner studying only to avoid punishment is primarily intrinsically motivated because the behaviour occurs inside the learner.
Explanation

Maslow placed self-actualization above esteem, love or belonging, safety and physiological needs. Studying to avoid punishment is extrinsic because the driving consequence is external; McClelland's achievement motivation is considered with affiliation and power needs.

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More questions

6Match Piaget's constructivist terms with their meanings. 1. Schema 2. Assimilation 3. Accommodation 4. Equilibration

A1-Modification of schema, 2-Balance between old and new thinking, 3-Mental framework, 4-Fitting experience into an existing schema
B1-Mental framework, 2-Fitting new experience into an existing schema, 3-Modifying schema to fit experience, 4-Restoring cognitive balance
C1-External reward, 2-Temporary adult help, 3-Observed imitation, 4-Need for achievement
D1-Conditioned response, 2-Unconditioned stimulus, 3-Negative reinforcement, 4-Variable ratio schedule

7Which set correctly states Thorndike's three primary laws in connectionism and the experimental basis commonly associated with them?

AReadiness, Exercise, Effect; cat in a puzzle box
BSimilarity, Proximity, Closure; chimpanzee Sultan
CAttention, Retention, Reproduction; Bobo doll experiment
DAssimilation, Accommodation, Equilibration; conservation tasks

8Consider the statements about Skinner's operant conditioning. 1. Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus and increases behaviour. 2. Negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus and increases behaviour. 3. Punishment decreases behaviour. Which statements are correct?

A1 and 2 only
B2 and 3 only
C1 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3

9In Bandura's social learning theory, which option correctly identifies both the process shown in the Bobo doll experiment and the condition that may influence whether the observed act is performed?

AClassical conditioning through stimulus pairing; extinction determines whether the act is performed
BInsight through sudden restructuring; satisfaction stamps in the performed act
CAssimilation into an existing schema; equilibration decides performance
DObservational learning through modelling; vicarious reinforcement may affect performance

10Which option gives the correct reason for regarding variable-ratio reinforcement as especially resistant to extinction?

AIt rewards the first response after a fixed amount of time has passed.
BIt reinforces after an unpredictable number of responses, so responding remains steady and durable.
CIt reinforces every response, so extinction resistance is always the highest.
DIt removes an unpleasant stimulus after each response, which makes it punishment-resistant.

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