South Africa's 2025 G20 Presidency is a useful current-affairs topic for international relations, economy, and global governance. This article is dated 2025-11-22, so aspirants should read it as part of the 2025 G20 agenda. South Africa held the presidency under the theme 'Solidarity, Equality and Sustainability', and the official presidency period ran from 1 December 2024 to 30 November 2025. The G20 is an international forum for economic cooperation, so this update is not only diplomatic; it is also linked with development finance, climate finance, debt stress, and inclusive growth. The presidency's official priorities included strengthening disaster resilience and response, ensuring debt sustainability for low-income countries, mobilising finance for a just energy transition, and harnessing critical minerals for inclusive growth and sustainable development. For RAS and UPSC preparation, these facts can appear in prelims as theme-priority questions and in mains as examples under Global South, climate justice, debt relief, development finance, and critical minerals. The India linkage is also important: the source article states that South Africa carried forward outcomes from the New Delhi and Rio de Janeiro summits. Aspirants should therefore read India's 2023 G20 Presidency, Brazil's 2024 presidency, and South Africa's 2025 presidency as a continuity chain. South Africa was the first African country to hold the G20 Presidency, making the event historically significant for Africa and the wider Global South. For static GK linkage, revise the G20, global economic governance, climate finance, debt sustainability, and critical minerals together.