On April 20, 2026, the Department of Science and Technology released findings of a major palaeobotanical study led by the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) in Lucknow, an autonomous institute of the DST, that establishes India as a primary cradle of Jamun (genus Syzygium) evolution. Researchers from BSIP, in collaboration with the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) and Tribhuvan University, recovered 11 well-preserved fossil leaves of Syzygium from Early Miocene deposits about 20 million years old in the Kasauli Formation of Himachal Pradesh, naming the new species Syzygium paleosalicifolium. Combining the new fossil record with a reinvestigation of earlier Indian fossil records, the team concluded that Syzygium had an East Gondwanan origin dating to roughly 80 million years ago and that the genus was already present on the Indian plate by the Early Eocene 55 million years ago, well before the long-held theory that Jamun originated in Australia or Southeast Asia. The study, published in the Journal of Palaeogeography under DOI 10.1016 j.jop.2026.100343 with Dr. Gaurav Srivastava as the lead author, reshapes the evolutionary timeline of one of Indias most culturally and economically important fruit trees and underlines India role in the diversification of Asian flora. The findings carry direct implications for biodiversity conservation, climate-resilience strategies for agroforestry and the policy framing of indigenous fruit tree corridors under the National Mission on Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem.
Department of Science and Technology Releases Birbal Sahni Institute Study on April 20, 2026; New Miocene Fossils from Kasauli Formation Establish India as Cradle of Jamun (Syzygium) Evolution Around 80 Million Years Ago
On April 20, 2026, the Department of Science and Technology released a Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences study based on 20-million-year-old Early Miocene fossil leaves from the Kasauli Formation in Himachal Pradesh, naming a new species Syzygium paleosalicifolium and concluding that Jamun originated in India around 80 million years ago, overturning the long-held theory of an Australian or Southeast Asian origin.
Key facts
- On April 20, 2026, the Department of Science and Technology released findings of a Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) study led by Dr. Gaurav Srivastava.
- Researchers recovered 11 well-preserved fossil leaves of Syzygium from approximately 20-million-year-old Early Miocene deposits in the Kasauli Formation of Himachal Pradesh.
- The new species was named Syzygium paleosalicifolium.
- The study concludes that Syzygium has an East Gondwanan origin dating back to around 80 million years ago and was already present on the Indian plate by the Early Eocene (55 million years ago).
- The findings overturn the long-held theory that Jamun originated in Australia or Southeast Asia.
- The paper was published in the Journal of Palaeogeography (DOI: 10.1016/j.jop.2026.100343) and was a collaboration of BSIP with AcSIR and Tribhuvan University.
- BSIP is an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology and is located in Lucknow.
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Consider the following statements regarding the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) study on Jamun (Syzygium) released on April 20, 2026: 1. BSIP is an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology and is located in Lucknow. 2. The study identified a new species named Syzygium paleosalicifolium based on 11 well-preserved fossil leaves recovered from the Kasauli Formation of Himachal Pradesh. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Both statements are correct. BSIP is an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology located in Lucknow, and the study described 11 fossil leaves recovered from the Kasauli Formation of Himachal Pradesh, naming the new species Syzygium paleosalicifolium.
Frequently asked questions
Which Indian institute led the Jamun (Syzygium) origin study released by the Department of Science and Technology on April 20, 2026?
The Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), Lucknow, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology.
Where were the new Syzygium fossils recovered from?
From approximately 20-million-year-old Early Miocene deposits in the Kasauli Formation of Himachal Pradesh.
What is the name given to the newly identified fossil species?
Syzygium paleosalicifolium, named in the same study and described from 11 well-preserved fossil leaves.
What earlier theory does the new study overturn?
The long-held theory that Jamun originated in Australia or Southeast Asia. The new study establishes India as a primary cradle with East Gondwanan origin around 80 million years ago.
In which scientific journal was the new Syzygium origin paper published?
In the Journal of Palaeogeography under DOI 10.1016 j.jop.2026.100343, with Dr. Gaurav Srivastava as the lead author.
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