India and Israel signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on 4 November 2025 in Tel Aviv to deepen and expand the scope of their bilateral defence cooperation. The MoU was exchanged during the 17th Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting on defence cooperation, which was co-chaired by India's Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh and Major General (Res) Amir Baram, Director General of the Israeli Ministry of Defence. The agreement provides a unified vision and policy direction to strengthen the already robust defence ties between the two nations. Under the new framework, both countries committed to enhancing cooperation across a wide spectrum of domains including strategic dialogues, training and defence industrial collaboration, Science and Technology, Research and Development, Artificial Intelligence, and Cyber Security. A distinctive feature of the MoU is the emphasis on sharing advanced technologies and promoting joint research, co-development, and co-production of next-generation defence systems, marking a strategic pivot from transactional procurement toward partnership-driven innovation. Defence Secretary Singh also met separately with Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz to review the outcomes of the JWG meeting. Both sides discussed shared security challenges, including terrorism, and reaffirmed their collective commitment to combating global threats. The MoU aligns with India's Atmanirbhar Bharat vision by seeking to build indigenous defence production capacity through collaboration with Israel's advanced defence-technology ecosystem, while also supporting India's Mission Sudarshan Chakra concept for integrated air defence.