On December 19, 2025, the Supreme Court of India delivered its final judgment in M.K. Ranjitsinh & Others v. Union of India — a landmark ruling balancing protection of the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB) with India's renewable energy expansion goals. The Court revised the priority conservation area in Rajasthan from approximately 13,163 sq km to a more precisely delineated 14,013 sq km, and to 740 sq km in Gujarat. Moving away from the near-blanket approach of its April 2021 order — which restricted overhead power lines across ~99,000 sq km — the Court adopted a targeted model tying restrictions to clearly defined, scientifically validated conservation zones. In Rajasthan, the judgment mandates immediate undergrounding of 80 km of identified 33 kV lines in priority bustard habitat, rerouting or insulation of remaining lines within two years, and relocation of nine 66 kV and higher-voltage transmission lines away from GIB habitats. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has been designated as the nodal agency to monitor implementation. The GIB — India's State Bird of Rajasthan — has a critically low wild population estimated at under 150 individuals, confined largely to the grasslands of Jaisalmer and Barmer districts. Wind and solar energy transmission lines in these semi-arid zones have been a leading cause of fatal collision mortality. The ruling represents a nuanced judicial approach — acknowledging that India's clean energy transition and biodiversity conservation must co-exist — and sets a precedent for how infrastructure planning must account for endangered species habitats.