The India Meteorological Department (IMD) in its April 2026 seasonal outlook has warned of above normal maximum temperatures, longer than usual heatwave spells and an unusual number of warm nights across many parts of the country during April to June 2026. The forecast flags above normal heatwave days over coastal Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Andhra Pradesh, and over isolated regions of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka. For the specific month of April 2026, the IMD said maximum temperatures are likely to be normal to below normal across large parts of north, northwest, central and southern India, but warm nights will be above normal, reducing the body's ability to recover from daytime heat stress. The agency defines a heatwave over plains as temperatures reaching 40 degree Celsius or above and at least 4.5 degree above normal, with a severe heatwave if the departure is 6.4 degree or more. Current conditions over Telangana and neighbouring regions are expected to remain uninterrupted till April 22. The forecast carries significant implications for public health, especially for the elderly, children, outdoor workers and people with pre-existing conditions, and for power demand, water resources and agriculture. Crops in reproductive stages including boro rice, maize, green gram, black gram, tomato, chilli and brinjal in eastern and northeastern India, northwest India and south peninsular India are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. The National Disaster Management Authority and state governments have been asked to activate heat action plans under the Cool Roofs and Heat Health Action Plan framework.
IMD Forecasts Above Normal Heatwaves and Warm Nights Across India During April-June 2026
The IMD has forecast above normal heatwave days and warm nights across India during April-June 2026, with coastal and isolated interior regions most at risk, posing significant challenges for public health, agriculture and power demand.
Key facts
- IMD forecast above normal heatwave days for April to June 2026
- Coastal Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, AP and Puducherry at highest risk
- April 2026: warm nights above normal across most of India
- Heatwave defined as 40 degree C or more plus 4.5 degree above normal in plains
- Severe heatwave defined when departure is 6.4 degree Celsius or more
- Risks to crops, power grid and public health especially vulnerable groups
Mains angle
Q: What are the implications of IMD's forecast of above normal heatwaves during April-June 2026 for public health and agriculture?
Answer (50 words):
IMD warned of prolonged heatwave spells and elevated warm nights across coastal Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Gujarat and Karnataka. Crops in reproductive stages including boro rice and green gram face heat stress. NDMA directed states to activate heat action plans under the Cool Roofs framework.
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According to the India Meteorological Department, how is a heatwave defined over the plains of India?
The IMD declares a heatwave in the plains when maximum temperature reaches 40 degree Celsius or more and is at least 4.5 degree Celsius above the normal for that date. For hilly regions the threshold is 30 degree Celsius and for coastal areas it is 37 degree Celsius, each with appropriate departure from normal. A severe heatwave is declared when the departure from normal is more than 6.4 degree Celsius, or when actual maximum temperature reaches 47 degree Celsius.
Source: India Meteorological Department
Frequently asked questions
How does the IMD define a heatwave over plains?
IMD declares a heatwave in the plains when maximum temperature reaches 40 degree Celsius or more and is at least 4.5 degree Celsius above the normal. A severe heatwave is declared if the departure from normal is 6.4 degree Celsius or more, or if actual maximum temperature reaches 47 degree Celsius.
Which regions face the highest heatwave risk in April-June 2026?
The IMD expects above normal heatwave days over coastal areas of Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Andhra Pradesh, and over isolated regions of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka during April-June 2026.
Why are warm nights a health concern?
Warm nights prevent the human body from cooling down after daytime heat stress. This increases cardiovascular and dehydration risk, especially for the elderly, children, outdoor workers and people with pre-existing conditions, and reduces sleep quality.
What are Heat Action Plans?
Heat Action Plans are locally tailored strategies issued by state and city governments under the NDMA framework. They involve early warning, public advisories, cool shelters, water stations, hospital readiness, adjusted outdoor work hours and cool roof installations.
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