POLITICAL SCIENCE: MCQ — 80 Practice Questions with Answers

Explanation

Negative liberty is mainly concerned with freedom from external interference. Positive liberty asks whether people actually have the conditions and capacities to act as self-directing persons. Measures such as education, basic security and fair access to opportunities may therefore expand liberty rather than merely restrict it, provided they remain consistent with rights and constitutional limits.

Explanation

The UN's membership history identifies India among the original members of the organisation. This is a standard high-yield point for India's role in multilateral institutions: India was present at the UN's birth, not a later entrant.

Explanation

A central challenge in Indian local democracy is the gap between constitutional design and operational empowerment. The Constitution enables devolution to Panchayats and Municipalities, but effective self-government depends on whether states transfer the relevant functions, funds and functionaries in practice.

Explanation

Sovereignty refers to ultimate authority in a political order. In a democracy, this authority is linked to the people, but it is exercised through a constitution, representative bodies, courts and federal or administrative arrangements. Therefore, division of powers or rights-based limits do not mean the absence of sovereignty; they show how sovereign authority is organised and restrained in a constitutional state.

Explanation

Article 50 is a concise but important Directive Principle: the State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State. It supports judicial independence at the subordinate level and should not be confused with Article 39A on legal aid or Article 44 on uniform civil code.