A PIB backgrounder highlights how India has shifted from being a large digital consumer to an emerging global tech power through mission-mode programmes in artificial intelligence, semiconductors, quantum technology and supercomputing. The Digital India Programme, launched in 2015, laid the foundation: optical fibre coverage rose from 19.35 lakh route kilometres in 2019 to 42.36 lakh route kilometres in 2025, and 5G services now reach 99.9 percent of districts. Internet connections grew from 25.15 crore in 2014 to 102.86 crore in 2026, while average monthly data consumption rose from 61.66 MB in 2014 to 24.01 GB by December 2025 as data cost fell from Rs 269 per GB to Rs 8-10 per GB. Under the National Supercomputing Mission (2015, Rs 4,500 crore outlay), India has deployed 38 supercomputers with a combined 47 petaflops capacity and developed the indigenous PARAM Rudra series. The Semicon India Programme (December 2021, Rs 76,000 crore) was followed by India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) 2.0, announced in Budget 2026-27 with an initial Rs 1,000 crore provision; ISM has approved 12 projects worth about Rs 1.64 lakh crore (one fab, two compound-semiconductor fabs and nine packaging units). The National Quantum Mission (April 2023, Rs 6,003.65 crore) demonstrated a 1,000 km secure quantum communication network six years ahead of schedule, and India's first Quantum Valley was founded at Amaravati in February 2026. The IndiaAI Mission (2024, over Rs 10,300 crore) supports indigenous AI computing, with over 38,000 GPUs and the AIKosh platform hosting 12,115 datasets and 306 AI models.