Published: 14 September 2025DD NewsEnvironment
India's Ganges River Dolphin Population Estimated at 6,324 Under Project Dolphin
India's first comprehensive river dolphin survey under Project Dolphin estimated 6,327 Ganges river dolphins across 8,500 km of rivers in 8 states. The survey was conducted from 2021 to 2023 by the Wildlife Institute of India and state forest departments. The results were released in March 2025. Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest number at 2,397, followed by Bihar with 2,220, West Bengal with 815, and Assam with 635. Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh together recorded 95 dolphins. The earlier estimate was about 1,800 dolphins, so the new figure is an important baseline for understanding conservation status and future comparisons. It also gives a clear base for state-wise comparison and river-based conservation priorities.
For exam preparation, this topic links environment, biodiversity, river systems, and government conservation programmes. The Ganges river dolphin is India's national aquatic animal and is treated as a bioindicator of river ecosystem health. Its presence helps aspirants connect river flow, food chains, habitat condition, and conservation policy in one current-affairs note. The assessment of river dolphins across the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and other surveyed river stretches is useful for prelims questions on species, locations, institutions, and numerical data. In mains answers, the same issue can be linked with conservation governance, community participation, river pollution, illegal fishing, entanglement in nets, sand mining, and dam-related habitat pressures. For both RAS and UPSC, it should be revised with the static-GK topics of biodiversity and conservation and major river systems of India.
0Mains angle
Q: Analyse the outcomes of India's first Project Dolphin survey and discuss the significance of the Gangetic dolphin as a bioindicator of river ecosystem health.
Answer (50 words):
The first Project Dolphin survey, conducted 2021–2023 by the Wildlife Institute of India, estimated 6,327 Gangetic dolphins across 8,500 km of rivers in eight states. Uttar Pradesh led with 2,397, followed by Bihar (2,220), West Bengal (815), and Assam (635). Numbers have recovered from around 1,800 earlier individuals.
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Practice MCQ from this story
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Linked questionMedium
Vivek Menon was elected Chair of the IUCN SSC for 2025-2029. What is his distinction?
Explanation · Correct answer CVivek Menon became the first Asian to head the IUCN Species Survival Commission in its 75-year history.
Frequently asked questions
What population estimate did the Project Dolphin survey give for Ganges river dolphins?
The survey estimated 6,327 Ganges river dolphins across 8,500 km of rivers in 8 states. It was India's first comprehensive river dolphin survey.
When was the survey conducted and by whom?
The survey was conducted from 2021 to 2023 by the Wildlife Institute of India and state forest departments. Its results were released in March 2025.
Which state recorded the highest number of Ganges river dolphins?
Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest number with 2,397 dolphins. It was followed by Bihar with 2,220, West Bengal with 815, and Assam with 635.
Why is the Ganges river dolphin important for exams?
It is India's national aquatic animal and a bioindicator of river ecosystem health. It can be linked with biodiversity, conservation, and major river systems.
What are the major conservation challenges linked with the Ganges river dolphin?
River pollution, illegal fishing, entanglement in nets, sand mining, and dam-related habitat pressure are useful points for mains answers.