India submitted its Seventh National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), providing a comprehensive assessment of the country's progress towards the 23 National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) and 142 indicators aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF). This is India's first full progress assessment since countries adopted the KMGBF in 2022. The report finds that of the 23 national biodiversity targets, only two are on track, namely NBT1 on biodiversity-inclusive land and sea-use planning and NBT2 on ecosystem restoration. A major concern flagged is land degradation, with 29.77 percent or about 97 million hectares of India's geographical area undergoing degradation, suggesting new degradation may be outpacing restoration efforts. On conservation coverage, only a little over five percent of India's geographical area is designated as formal protected areas, far below the global 30 percent conservation target under the framework, and the report does not clarify whether India will meet this target by 2030. The report nonetheless highlights notable species conservation success for flagship species, including a tiger population of 3,167, recovery of Asiatic lions and rhinos, and the first national snow leopard assessment. The report was prepared by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, with inputs from 33 central ministries and departments, technical coordination by the National Biodiversity Authority, and support from the UNDP under the Global Environment Facility GEF-8 Umbrella Programme. The findings underline persistent challenges of data gaps, limited conservation coverage and accelerating land degradation in meeting India's 2030 biodiversity commitments.