INS Sagardhwani, India's premier oceanographic research vessel operated by the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL) of DRDO, was flagged off from Southern Naval Command, Kochi on January 17, 2026, for the fifth edition of the Sagar Maitri mission (SM-5). The vessel was flagged off by Shri Radha Mohan Singh, MP and Chairperson of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Defence. Sagar Maitri (meaning 'Ocean Friendship') is a flagship collaborative initiative of the Indian Navy and DRDO, aligned with the Government of India's expanded vision of 'Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions' (MAHASAGAR) — a framework that builds on Prime Minister Modi's earlier SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) doctrine. Under SM-5, INS Sagardhwani will retrace the historic routes of INS Kistna, which participated in the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) during 1962-65, visiting and conducting joint ocean research with eight Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) nations: Oman, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Myanmar. The mission objectives include sustained scientific collaboration, marine data collection, oceanographic surveys, scientific capacity building, and equipment sharing with partner nations. INS Sagardhwani was designed by NPOL and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata — commissioned in July 1994 and serving for over three decades as India's key platform for ocean observations and marine acoustic research. The mission is strategically significant — the Indian Ocean is crucial to India's trade routes (over 90% of India's trade by volume passes through maritime routes), energy supply chains, and strategic interests. For Rajasthan's context, the DRDO-Navy collaboration underlying Sagar Maitri is linked to the broader defence research ecosystem that also supports border security technologies relevant to the state's strategic location.