Exercise Garuda Shakti 2025 — the bilateral joint military exercise between the Indian Army and the Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia/TNI-AD) — was conducted at Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh, from 03 to 12 December 2025. The exercise focuses on counter-terrorism operations, jungle warfare, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR), and special operations in mountainous terrain. The exercise involves special forces from both sides — India's Para SF and Indonesia's Kopassus (Special Forces Command). Simultaneously, Exercise Garuda 25 — the India-France bilateral air exercise — concluded in France during the same period, showcasing India's active military diplomacy with multiple global partners. India conducts over 50 joint military exercises annually with partner nations. Key 2025 exercises include Malabar (India-US-Japan-Australia/Quad), Shakti (India-France), Surya Kiran (India-Nepal), and Mitra Shakti (India-Sri Lanka). These exercises build interoperability, exchange tactical knowledge, and strengthen bilateral defence relations — key pillars of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific strategy.