Q1. Consider the following statements regarding heat wave governance and disaster management in India: 1. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is headed by the Prime Minister and operates under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. 2. The IMD functions under the Ministry of Earth Sciences and issues the colour-coded weather warnings of green, yellow, orange and red. 3. Heat wave was officially notified as a national disaster under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 in the year 2010. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The NDMA, established under the Disaster Management Act, 2005, is chaired ex-officio by the Prime Minister of India. The IMD functions under the Ministry of Earth Sciences and issues four-colour-coded weather warnings: green (no action), yellow (be aware), orange (be prepared) and red (take action). Statement 3 is incorrect: heat wave has NOT been formally notified as a national disaster eligible for the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) under the 12 notified categories of the DM Act 2005, although several Finance Commissions and Parliamentary Committees have repeatedly recommended such inclusion; states use the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) with Centre approval to manage heat wave relief.