Key facts

  • The Internet is the largest WAN; the World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 as a hypertext system running over the Internet.
  • IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and provides about 4.3 billion addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and solves the address shortage.
  • India began 5G rollout in October 2022 after the national launch at India Mobile Congress, with Airtel and Jio starting phased services in major citie...
  • Big data is remembered through the 5 Vs: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Value.

Key Points at a Glance

  1. 1

    The Internet is the largest WAN; the World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 as a hypertext system running over the Internet.

  2. 2

    IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and provides about 4.3 billion addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and solves the address shortage.

  3. 3

    India began 5G rollout in October 2022 after the national launch at India Mobile Congress, with Airtel and Jio starting phased services in major cities.

  4. 4

    AI simulates human intelligence; machine learning learns from data, and deep learning uses many-layer neural networks for tasks such as image recognition and NLP.

  5. 5

    Big data is remembered through the 5 Vs: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity and Value.

  6. 6

    Cloud computing delivers computing services over the Internet on a pay-per-use basis through IaaS, PaaS and SaaS service models.

  7. 7

    IoT connects sensor-equipped physical objects to networks; blockchain stores records in cryptographically linked blocks replicated across a peer-to-peer network.

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Internet, web and network basics

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks. In objective exams, the most useful classification is by geographical coverage: PAN covers a personal range of about 10 metres, LAN covers a building or campus, MAN covers a city, and WAN covers a country or the globe. The Internet is the largest WAN. An IP address is the unique identifier used by devices on a network. IPv4 is a 32-bit addressing system with about 4.3 billion addresses; IPv6 is a 128-bit system with virtually unlimited address capacity.

The World Wide Web is not the same as the Internet. The Web is an application-layer system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed through the Internet. Tim Berners-Lee invented the Web at CERN in 1989. Web 1.0 refers to read-only static pages, Web 2.0 to read-write platforms with user-generated content such as blogs, wikis and social media, and Web 3.0 to emerging decentralised and semantic-web ideas linked with blockchain and AI interpretation of content.

Exam takeaway: remember the distinction - Internet is the network infrastructure, while the Web is one major service running on it.

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