Space, information technology, genetics and biotechnology
Key facts
- For the 2026 CET Senior Secondary syllabus, this topic sits inside Everyday Science: space and information technology;
- ISRO states that it was formed on 15 August 1969 after INCOSPAR, while the Department of Space was set up in 1972;
- Chandrayaan-3 achieved the safe and soft landing of the Vikram lander on 23 August 2023;
- Aditya-L1 was inserted into a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 point on 6 January 2024;
- XPoSat was launched on 1 January 2024 as India's first dedicated X-ray polarimetry mission;
Key Points at a Glance
- 1
For the 2026 CET Senior Secondary syllabus, this topic sits inside Everyday Science: space and information technology; India's space research programme; genetics terminology; Mendel's laws; chromosomes; nucleic acids; central dogma; human sex determination; and biotechnology.
- 2
ISRO states that it was formed on 15 August 1969 after INCOSPAR, while the Department of Space was set up in 1972; these are the institutional anchors of India's space programme.
- 3
Chandrayaan-3 achieved the safe and soft landing of the Vikram lander on 23 August 2023; India became the fourth country to land on the Moon and the first to land near the Moon's southern polar region.
- 4
Aditya-L1 was inserted into a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 point on 6 January 2024; ISRO describes L1 as about 1.5 million km from Earth and useful for continuous solar observation.
- 5
XPoSat was launched on 1 January 2024 as India's first dedicated X-ray polarimetry mission; Gaganyaan TV-D1 on 21 October 2023 tested the crew escape system.
- 6
Information technology should be revised through data, networks, software, digital identity, instant payments, digital documents, cloud services, cyber safety, and public digital platforms.
- 7
Genetics basics include genes, alleles, chromosomes, DNA, RNA, Mendel's laws, central dogma, and XX-XY sex determination in humans.
- 8
Biotechnology includes tissue culture, molecular diagnosis, vaccines, bio-patents, development of new plant varieties, and transgenic organisms.
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Syllabus map for Everyday Science
This topic must be read inside the CET Senior Secondary Everyday Science block, not as a graduation-level science-and-technology survey. The current 2026 official scope for this slice is: space and information technology; India's space research program; general terminology of genetics; Mendel's laws of inheritance; structure of chromosomes; nucleic acids; central dogma of protein synthesis; sex determination in humans; and biotechnology with bio-patent, development of new plant varieties, and transgenic organisms.
The exam depth is 10+2. That means direct definitions, correct matching, public uses, and a few verified recent Indian examples are more valuable than missile specifications, nuclear-fuel-cycle detail, semiconductor project locations, or long lists of scientists. A strong answer connects each technology with four simple points: what it is, which institution or process is linked to it, where it is used, and which common confusion must be avoided.
Keep the boundary clear. Space missions and information technology belong here because the syllabus names them. Detailed defence systems, reactor engineering, and advanced biotechnology regulation should be kept out unless they are asked separately as current affairs.
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