Key facts

  • Article 52 provides for the President of India; Article 74 creates the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister to aid and advise the Preside...
  • Article 79 defines Parliament as the President, Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha;
  • Article 153 provides for a Governor for each State, while Articles 163 and 164 connect the Governor with the Chief Minister-led Council of Ministers a...
  • Rajasthan has a unicameral Legislative Assembly at Jaipur with 200 members;
  • Article 124 establishes the Supreme Court, Article 214 provides for High Courts, and the Rajasthan High Court was inaugurated on 29 August 1949;

Key Points at a Glance

  1. 1

    RSSB CET Senior Secondary syllabus places this topic under Indian Political System with special reference to Rajasthan: President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, Parliament, Supreme Court, Election Commission, Rajasthan political-administrative institutions, local self-government and Panchayati Raj.

  2. 2

    Article 52 provides for the President of India; Article 74 creates the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister to aid and advise the President; Article 75 makes the Council collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

  3. 3

    Article 79 defines Parliament as the President, Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha; Lok Sabha is the directly elected House on whose confidence the Union ministry depends.

  4. 4

    Article 153 provides for a Governor for each State, while Articles 163 and 164 connect the Governor with the Chief Minister-led Council of Ministers at State level.

  5. 5

    Rajasthan has a unicameral Legislative Assembly at Jaipur with 200 members; it controls the State ministry through questions, debates, budget voting, motions and committees.

  6. 6

    Article 124 establishes the Supreme Court, Article 214 provides for High Courts, and the Rajasthan High Court was inaugurated on 29 August 1949; its principal seat is at Jodhpur and its Jaipur Bench functions as a permanent bench.

  7. 7

    Article 324 vests Election Commission of India with control over elections to Parliament, State Legislatures and the offices of President and Vice-President, while Rajasthan State Election Commission conducts Panchayati Raj and municipal elections under Articles 243K and 243ZA.

  8. 8

    Rajasthan-specific exam anchors are Governor, Chief Minister, Legislative Assembly, High Court, RPSC, State Election Commission, State Information Commission, State Human Rights Commission, Chief Secretary, district administration, local self-government and Panchayati Raj.

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President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers

The Union executive begins with the President. Article 52 provides that India shall have a President, and Article 53 vests the executive power of the Union in the President. The President appoints the Prime Minister, appoints other ministers on the Prime Minister's advice, summons Parliament, gives assent to Bills and may issue ordinances under Article 123 when Parliament is not in session and immediate action is necessary. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college. For exam purposes, remember the core voters: elected members of both Houses of Parliament and elected members of State Legislative Assemblies; for this presidential election rule, the Constitution also treats the Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Puducherry as included.

In daily government, the Prime Minister is the working head of the Union executive. Article 74 provides a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at its head to aid and advise the President. Article 75 says that the Prime Minister is appointed by the President, other ministers are appointed on the Prime Minister's advice, and the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. This means the ministry continues only while it has the confidence of the directly elected House.

For this exam level, keep the distinction simple: the President is the constitutional head of the Union, while the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers carry policy, administration and political responsibility. In assertion-reason questions, do not write that the President is elected directly by voters, and do not write that the Council of Ministers is responsible to Rajya Sabha.

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