Key facts

  • 1958: DRDO was formed as India's defence research and development organisation;
  • 15 August 1969: ISRO was formed after the INCOSPAR phase; the Space Commission and Department of Space were set up in 1972.
  • Launch vehicles and satellites are different: PSLV, GSLV and LVM3 carry spacecraft to space, while INSAT/GSAT, IRS-type satellites, Cartosat, Resource...
  • 23 August 2023: Chandrayaan-3 made a safe soft landing with the Vikram lander and deployed the Pragyan rover;

Key Points at a Glance

  1. 1

    Syllabus boundary: use the Graduation Level Science and Technology frame for information and communication technology, defence technology, space technology and satellites, and Rajasthan-related science and technology examples.

  2. 2

    1958: DRDO was formed as India's defence research and development organisation; revise it with laboratories, defence systems, users and self-reliance, not as a single weapons factory.

  3. 3

    15 August 1969: ISRO was formed after the INCOSPAR phase; the Space Commission and Department of Space were set up in 1972.

  4. 4

    Launch vehicles and satellites are different: PSLV, GSLV and LVM3 carry spacecraft to space, while INSAT/GSAT, IRS-type satellites, Cartosat, Resourcesat, Oceansat, RISAT and NavIC are spacecraft or satellite-system names.

  5. 5

    Defence names should be matched by role: Agni and Prithvi with ballistic or surface-to-surface missile roles, Akash with surface-to-air defence, Astra with beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles, Nag/Helina with anti-tank missiles, BrahMos with supersonic cruise missiles and Pinaka with multi-barrel rocket systems.

  6. 6

    NavIC is a regional navigation system for position, navigation and timing; it is not a remote-sensing satellite that directly photographs crops, forests or water bodies.

  7. 7

    23 August 2023: Chandrayaan-3 made a safe soft landing with the Vikram lander and deployed the Pragyan rover; India became the first country to land near the Moon's southern polar region.

  8. 8

    Rajasthan link: Rawatbhata's Rajasthan Atomic Power Station is a PHWR-based science-and-technology example, but detailed nuclear deterrence and export-control regimes are beyond the core depth of this syllabus topic.

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Syllabus boundary and study frame

This topic must stay inside the CET Graduation Level Science and Technology block. The syllabus frame covers information and communication technology, defence technology, space technology and satellites, and development of science and technology with special reference to Rajasthan. So the exam-ready frame is not advanced weapons design or orbital mathematics; it is correct identification of institutions, platforms, satellites, applications and Rajasthan examples.

Defence technology protects territory, forces and critical infrastructure. Space technology supports communication, weather, navigation, mapping, disaster warning, education, telemedicine, scientific exploration and planning. Satellite systems are everyday public infrastructure, not only prestige missions. A Rajasthan example should be practical: Rawatbhata for PHWR-based nuclear power, or satellite and GIS use for dry-region planning, water, crops, forests, minerals and disaster response.

Use one filter for every name: what is it, what does it do, and what is it not? This prevents common mistakes such as calling Tejas a missile, NavIC a crop-imaging satellite, or PSLV a satellite.

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