REET Level 2 study notes
Sanskrit Vakya-Rachna
Sanskrit vākya-racanā is sentence-building governed by four concords: kartṛ-kriyā anvaya (verb agrees with subject in puruṣa and vacana), kāraka-vibhakti (role decides case — kartā prathamā, karma dvitīyā, and so on), viśeṣaṇa-viśeṣya concord (adjective copies the noun's liṅga-vacana-vibhakti), and kāla (laṭ present, laṅ past, lṛṭ future, loṭ command). Candidates also form praśna, niṣedha, and ājñā sentences and do simple Hindi-Sanskrit anuvāda by a fixed procedure: find the verb, then subject, then object and other kārakas, then assemble with concord checked.
Key points
- RBSE Sanskrit (Optional) syllabus pairs anuvāda with vākya-racanā across saral, saṃyukta, and miśra sentence types.
- Kartṛ-kriyā anvaya: the tiṅ-anta verb must match the subject in puruṣa and vacana — bālakāḥ paṭhanti, never paṭhati.
- Kāraka decides vibhakti: kartā prathamā, karma dvitīyā, karaṇa tṛtīyā, sampradāna caturthī, apādāna pañcamī, sambandha ṣaṣṭhī, adhikaraṇa saptamī.
- Viśeṣaṇa-viśeṣya concord: an adjective copies its noun's liṅga, vacana, and vibhakti — śobhanā bālikā, not śobhanaḥ bālikā.
- Kāla: laṭ for vartamāna, laṅ for past, lṛṭ for future, loṭ for ājñā; anchor tense to adya, hyaḥ, śvaḥ.
- Praśna uses kim/kaḥ/kutra; niṣedha uses na; ājñā uses the loṭ imperative — read the sentence purpose, not just the verb.
- Simple anuvāda is a fixed procedure: locate verb, then kartā, then karma and kārakas, then assemble verb-last with concord checked.
- Saral has one finite verb; saṃyukta joins clauses with ca/kintu/athavā; miśra uses yad-tad/yadā-tadā/yadi-tarhi correlatives.
- Recurring classroom learners Asha, Imran, Devika, Meena, and Karan build construct-test-repair continuity.
- Common MCQ traps: plural subject with singular verb, pañcamī for karma, masculine adjective on feminine noun, laṭ where the time-word demands laṅ.
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Sanskrit vākya-racanā is sentence-building governed by four concords: kartṛ-kriyā anvaya (verb agrees with subject in puruṣa and vacana), kāraka-vibhakti (role decides case — kartā prathamā, karma dvitīyā, and so on), viśeṣaṇa-viśeṣya concord (adjective copies the noun's liṅga-vacana-vibhakti), and kāla (laṭ present, laṅ past, lṛṭ future, loṭ command). Candidates also form praśna, niṣedha, and ājñā sentences and do simple...