RAS question
Which Sikh Guru compiled the Adi Granth (later known as Guru Granth Sahib)?
Correct answer: (C) Guru Arjan Dev.
Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Sikh Guru, compiled the Adi Granth at Amritsar in 1604.
Explanation
Guru Arjan Dev (1563-1606), the fifth Sikh Guru, is the answer because he compiled the Adi Granth at Amritsar in 1604. NCERT explains that Guru Angad had earlier compiled the compositions of Baba Guru Nanak in the Gurmukhi script, and the next three Gurus also composed under the name ‘Nanak’. Guru Arjan brought these compositions together in 1604; his compilation also included the works of Kabir and Bhakt Namdev. Guru Tegh Bahadur's hymns were added later. In 1706, Guru Gobind Singh authenticated the collection, which came to be known as the Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Arjan is also associated with the building of the Harmandir Sahib. His execution under Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1606 made him the first Sikh Guru to be martyred.
Why the other options are wrong
- (A) Guru Gobind Singh did not compile the Adi Granth. In 1706, he finalised and authenticated the collection, which came to be known as the Guru Granth Sahib.
- (B) Guru Nanak Dev's teachings and compositions became part of the collection, but the 1604 compilation was made by Guru Arjan Dev.
- (D) Guru Angad Dev compiled Guru Nanak's compositions, recorded them in Gurmukhi, and is associated with the development of that script. He did not compile the Adi Granth; the 1604 compilation was made by Guru Arjan Dev.
Concept
This question tests the Sikh tradition within medieval Indian devotional history, especially the roles of different Gurus in compiling religious scripture. Guru-to-contribution matches recur in RAS because they test chronology, religious movements, scripture compilation, and social and religious changes during the Mughal period together.