Total Fundamental Duties after 86th Amendment:

Explanation

Article 51A in Part IVA sets out the Fundamental Duties of every citizen. The Legislative Department, Government of India - The Constitution of India lists the duties from clause (a) onwards and ends with clause (k). The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 added Article 51A(k). Clause (k) places a duty on a parent or guardian to provide educational opportunities to a child or ward aged six to fourteen years, and the official text footnotes it as inserted by the Eighty-sixth Amendment. Since the list now runs from (a) to (k), the total is 11, not 10.

Why the other options are wrong

• (A) Nine undercounts Article 51A because the official list of Fundamental Duties extends beyond clause (i) after the insertion of clause (k).
• (B) Ten matches the pre-insertion count, but the 86th Amendment added Article 51A(k), taking the total to 11.
• (D) Twelve overstates the count because the official Article 51A list ends at clause (k), which gives eleven clauses from (a) to (k).

Concept

This tests Fundamental Duties under Part IVA, especially how constitutional amendments change a counted list. RAS repeats such questions because Article 51A is a direct, high-yield constitutional provision with amendment-linked facts.

Source

• Legislative Department, Government of India - The Constitution of India

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