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RAS question

The Mangarh Dham massacre of 17 November 1913, often called Adivasi Jallianwala, is associated with which social reformer?

Correct answer: (B) Govind Guru.

The Mangarh Dham massacre of 17 November 1913 is associated with Govind Guru, the Bhil social reformer and leader under whom tribal followers gathered at Mangarh Hill.

  1. (A)

    Motilal Tejawat

  2. (B)

    Govind Guru

  3. (C)

    Bhogya Bhai

  4. (D)

    Birsa Munda

Explanation

Govind Guru is the associated reformer because the Mangarh episode centred on his leadership of the Bhil community. He was a Bhil social reformer who founded the Samp Sabha in 1883 to unite and reform the community. The Press Information Bureau's account of the Mangarh Dham programme also states that Bhils and other tribes rallied at Mangarh Hill, Banswara, on 17 November 1913 under the leadership of Shri Govind Guru, after which British forces opened fire and about 1,500 tribals were martyred. That link between Govind Guru's reformist leadership, the tribal gathering, and the massacre is why the event is often remembered as Adivasi Jallianwala.

Why the other options are wrong

  • (A) Motilal Tejawat led the later Eki movement in 1921 among Bhils of the Udaipur-Chittorgarh belt, so he does not fit the 1913 Mangarh Dham event.
  • (C) The verified PIB account does not link Bhogya Bhai to the Mangarh gathering or its leadership.
  • (D) Birsa Munda was a tribal leader from Jharkhand who died in 1900, so he could not be the Rajasthan-linked reformer associated with the 1913 Mangarh Dham massacre.

Concept

This tests Rajasthan's tribal reform movements and their place in the freedom struggle. RAS repeatedly returns to such regional movements because they connect social reform, tribal mobilisation and local sites of anti-colonial resistance.

Source

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