Nano-fertilizers differ from conventional fertilizers in that they:

Explanation

Nano-fertilizers use nanotechnology to supply nutrients at the nanoscale, generally within the 1-100 nm range. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences describes nano-fertiliser formulations with particle size below 100 nm, which supply nutrients more precisely and allow better penetration because of their small size. That is why option A is correct. Compared with conventional synthetic fertilizers, where a larger share can be lost through leaching, runoff, gaseous emissions, or soil fixation, nano-fertilizers are framed as a more efficient substitute when used appropriately. The key distinction is not a new organism, irrigation system, or organic label; it is the nano-sized delivery of nutrients for better plant uptake and lower environmental impact.

Why the other options are wrong

• (B) Nano-fertilizers are based on nanotechnology-enabled nutrient delivery, not on genetically modified organisms carrying nutrients.
• (C) The distinction tested here is particle size and nutrient-use efficiency, not a requirement for special irrigation infrastructure.
• (D) Nano-fertilizers are not defined by being organic; they may include inorganic nanoparticles.

Concept

This tests the Science and Technology theme of nanotechnology in agriculture, especially how nanoscale materials change nutrient delivery and efficiency. It recurs in RAS because fertilizer efficiency, environmental pollution, and sustainable farming are all linked to current agricultural policy debates.

Source

• The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

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