Indian Railways set a record on January 30, 2026, by commissioning 472.3 km of the Kavach 4.0 automatic train protection system in a single day. Kavach (meaning 'armour') is India's indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed by the Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO). It is designed to prevent train collisions and derailments by automatically applying brakes if the driver fails to respond to signals. Kavach 4.0 is the latest version with enhanced features including integration with electronic interlocking systems and support for higher speed operations. The rapid deployment aims to cover all high-density routes by 2028. The system operates on the principle of continuous communication between locomotives and trackside equipment using radio frequency.