Budget 2026-27 announced City Economic Regions (CERs), replacing the smart cities approach with a broader framework for urban growth. Each designated CER will receive ₹5,000 crore over five years through a challenge-mode reform-cum-results based financing mechanism. CERs focus on connectivity, logistics, industrial linkages, and integrated regional planning rather than just digital enhancements. The initiative targets energising urban growth beyond traditional metropolitan hubs, recognizing that real engines of urban growth lie in economic activity linkages. This represents a policy evolution from the Smart Cities Mission (2015-2024) which focused primarily on technology deployment. Five regional Medical Tourism Hubs were also announced as part of the urban development strategy.