The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) issued a formal notification on January 16, 2026, declaring an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) around Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary in the Aravalli mountain range of Rajasthan. The ESZ extends zero to one kilometre beyond the sanctuary's boundary and covers approximately 243 square kilometres encompassing 94 villages across Udaipur, Pali, and Rajsamand districts. Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, spread across these three districts, is home to a rich diversity of wildlife including leopards, striped hyenas, jungle cats, Indian pangolins, blue bulls (nilgai), chinkaras, and numerous avian species. The ESZ designation is aimed at providing a buffer to minimise human activity that could negatively impact the core sanctuary area. Under the notification, commercial mining, polluting industries, brick kilns, and large new tourism infrastructure are prohibited within the ESZ. However, traditional livelihoods of resident communities remain regulated but permitted. Eco-friendly initiatives such as organic farming, agroforestry, and skill development programmes are encouraged to ensure sustainable livelihoods. MoEFCC has constituted a monitoring committee to oversee compliance with ESZ guidelines and implement sustainable development measures. Kumbhalgarh is famously associated with the Kumbhalgarh Fort — a UNESCO World Heritage Site and part of the Rajasthan Hill Forts cluster — and is strategically positioned in the Aravalli biodiversity corridor, one of India's most ancient mountain ranges and a critical ecological backbone of northwestern India. The Aravalli range plays a vital role in preventing desertification of the Thar Desert from advancing into fertile plains, and the ESZ declaration is a significant step in protecting this fragile ecosystem.